Complex Evolution of gypsy in Drosophilid Species

Herédia, Fabiana; Loreto, Élgion Lúcio Silva; Valente, Vera Lúcia da Silva

doi:10.1093/molbev/msh183

Cited by 40 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The only virus we are currently aware of that has evolved this strategy is the gypsy element in Drosophila melanogaster [15], which can produce infectious virions that are transmitted to the next generation in eggs, enabling the virus to spread through populations as a selfish genetic element [16]. Gypsy elements are widely distributed in other species of Drosophilidae and show evidence of switching between host species, suggesting that they may also produce infectious particles [17]. Viruses with similar modes of transmission may be widespread, as other insect endogenous retroviruses have been shown to express envelope proteins (e.g.…”

Section: The Diversity Of Vertically Transmitted Insect Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertically transmitted viral endosymbionts of insects: do sigma viruses walk alone?

Longdon

Jiggins

2012

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Insects are host to a wide range of vertically transmitted bacterial endosymbionts, but we know relatively little about their viral counterparts. Here, we discuss the vertically transmitted viral endosymbionts of insects, firstly examining the diversity of this group, and then focusing on the well-studied sigma viruses that infect dipterans. Despite limited sampling, evidence suggests that vertically transmitted viruses may be common in insects. Unlike bacteria, viruses can be transmitted through sperm and eggs, a trait that allows them to rapidly spread through host populations even when infection is costly to the host. Work on Drosophila melanogaster has shown that sigma viruses and their hosts are engaged in a coevolutionary arms race, in which the spread of resistance genes in the host population is followed by the spread of viral genotypes that can overcome host resistance. In the long-term, associations between sigma viruses and their hosts are unstable, and the viruses persist by occasionally switching to new host species. It therefore seems likely that viral endosymbionts have major impacts on the evolution and ecology of insects.

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Section: The Diversity Of Vertically Transmitted Insect Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertically transmitted viral endosymbionts of insects: do sigma viruses walk alone?

Longdon

Jiggins

2012

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Using such estimates as indicators of divergence, other comparisons would indicate a lesser divergence than expected, which would then mistakenly be suggested as HT (Malik et al, 1999). So sequence similarity deserves careful analysis, since genomes of several species have been shown to harbor more than one subfamily of a particular TE, such as mariner (Robertson and MacLeod, 1993;Robertson and Lampe, 1995;Hartl et al, 1997), gypsy (Hochstenbach et al, 1996;Martínez-Sebastián et al, 2002;Heredia et al, 2004) and P element (Clark and Kidwell, 1997), among others.…”

Section: How Can We Infer Hts?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when the similarity between TEs is high compared to the divergence time of their host, the existence of strong selective pressure on TEs, at least to maintain their activity, cannot be excluded. To solve this problem, several authors have used the estimates of synonymous (kS) and non-synonymous (kA) rates of substitution and particularly the kA/kS ratio to infer selective constraints (Robertson and Lampe, 1995;Terzian et al, 2000;Maside et al, 2003;Heredia et al, 2004). Because of degeneracy of the genetic code, a proportion of nucleotide substitutions in protein-coding sequences are expected to be silent, leading to no aminoacid substitution.…”

Section: How Can We Infer Hts?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting horizontal transfer of transposable elements in Drosophila

2008

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Horizontal transfer (HT), defined as the transfer of genetic material between species, is considered to be an essential step in the 'life cycle' of transposable elements. We present a broad overview of suspected cases of HT of transposable elements in Drosophila. Hundred-one putative events of HT have been proposed in Drosophila for 21 different elements (5.0% refer to non-long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons, 42.6% to LTR retrotransposons and 52.4% to DNA transposons). We discuss the methods used to infer HT, their limits and the putative vectors of transposable elements. We outline all the alternative hypotheses and ask how we can be almost certain that phylogenetic inconsistencies are due to HT.

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“…Horizontal transfer between transposable elements of Drosophila has been shown to be a very frequent event. In addition to the classical reports [4, 5, 11-13, 16, 17, 44], other examples have been published more recently [1,7,24,30,32,39]. It has been postulated that cross-species transfers may be an effective strategy by which TEs avoid inactivation over evolutionary time [33,37,43].…”

Section: Motifsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence heterogeneity and phylogenetic relationships between thecopiaretrotransposon inDrosophilaspecies of therepletaandmelanogastergroups

Almeida

Carareto

2006

Genet. Sel. Evol.

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-Although the retrotransposon copia has been studied in the melanogaster group of Drosophila species, very little is known about copia dynamism and evolution in other groups. We analyzed the occurrence and heterogeneity of the copia 5'LTR-ULR partial sequence and their phylogenetic relationships in 24 species of the repleta group of Drosophila. PCR showed that copia occurs in 18 out of the 24 species evaluated. Sequencing was possible in only eight species. The sequences showed a low nucleotide diversity, which suggests selective constraints maintaining this regulatory region over evolutionary time. On the contrary, the low nucleotide divergence and the phylogenetic relationships between the D. willistoni / Zaprionus tuberculatus / melanogaster species subgroup suggest horizontal transfer. Sixteen transcription factor binding sites were identified in the LTR-ULR repleta and melanogaster consensus sequences. However, these motifs are not homologous, neither according to their position in the LTR-ULR sequences, nor according to their sequences. Taken together, the low motif homologies, the phylogenetic relationship and the great nucleotide divergence between the melanogaster and repleta copia sequences reinforce the hypothesis that there are two copia families. copia retrotransposon / nucleotide diversity / copia families

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Complex Evolution of gypsy in Drosophilid Species

Cited by 40 publications

References 52 publications

Vertically transmitted viral endosymbionts of insects: do sigma viruses walk alone?

Vertically transmitted viral endosymbionts of insects: do sigma viruses walk alone?

Revisiting horizontal transfer of transposable elements in Drosophila

Sequence heterogeneity and phylogenetic relationships between thecopiaretrotransposon inDrosophilaspecies of therepletaandmelanogastergroups

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