Complex Forms of Soil Organic Phosphorus–A Major Component of Soil Phosphorus

McLaren, Timothy I.; Smernik, Ronald J.; McLaughlin, Michael J.; McBeath, Therese M.; Kirby, Jason K.; Simpson, Richard J.; Guppy, Christopher N.; Doolette, Ashlea L.; Richardson, Alan

doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b02948

Cited by 113 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This study also serves to shed some light on a point of contention among researchers who use 31 P NMR spectroscopy to determine the speciation of organic P. It has been suggested that the broad feature we have consistently found to dominate 31 P NMR spectra of NaOH-EDTA extracts of Australian soils (Doolette et al 2011;McLaren et al 2014McLaren et al , 2015bMoata et al 2016) and identify as humic-P, but which is less obvious in many other 31 P NMR studies, may result from slight differences in methodology, in particular that we redissolved our freezedried extracts in water rather than NaOH-EDTA (Cade-Menun and Liu 2014; Kruse et al 2015). However, here we have shown that we can obtain 31 P NMR spectra very similar to those reported in other studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Management is another point of difference between the five soils analysed in this study and the majority of Australian soils we have previously reported on (Doolette et al 2011;McLaren et al 2014McLaren et al , 2015bMoata et al 2016). In particular, the alpine soils reported here are all unmanaged and under native vegetation, whereas the majority of soils we investigated previously are agricultural soils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…All 31 P NMR spectra in Fig. 1 also contained a broad signal extending from around d 6.0 to d 3.5 ppm that has been attributed to phosphate groups attached via monoester linkages in high molecular weight material and is referred to as humic-P (Doolette et al 2011;McLaren et al 2015b).…”

Section: Quantitative Analysis and Interpretation Of 31 P Nmr Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

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The composition of organic phosphorus in soils of the Snowy Mountains region of south-eastern Australia

2017

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Abstract. Few studies have considered the influence of climate on organic phosphorus (P) speciation in soils. We used sodium hydroxide-ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (NaOH-EDTA) soil extractions and solution 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the soil P composition of five alpine and sub-alpine soils. The aim was to compare the P speciation of this set of soils with those of soils typically reported in the literature from other cold and wet locations, as well as those of other Australian soils from warmer and drier environments. For all alpine and sub-alpine soils, the majority of P detected was in an organic form (54-66% of total NaOH-EDTA extractable P). Phosphomonoesters comprised the largest pool of extractable organic P (83-100%) with prominent peaks assigned to myo-and scyllo-inositol hexakisphosphate (IP 6 ), although trace amounts of the neo-and D-chiro-IP 6 stereoisomers were also present. Phosphonates were identified in the soils from the coldest and wettest locations; a-and b-glycerophosphate and mononucleotides were minor components of organic P in all soils. The composition of organic P in these soils contrasts with that reported previously for Australian soils from warm, dry environments where inositol phosphate (IP 6 ) peaks were less dominant or absent and humic-P and a-and b-glycerophosphate were proportionally larger components of organic P. Instead, the soil organic P composition exhibited similarities to soils from other cold, wet environments. This provides preliminary evidence that climate is a key driver in the variation of organic P speciation in soils.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

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The composition of organic phosphorus in soils of the Snowy Mountains region of south-eastern Australia

2017

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“…The following broad classes of P species were quantified using spectral integration: orthophosphate (δ 7.0 to 5.4 ppm), phosphomonoesters (δ 5.4 to 3.5 ppm), phosphodiesters (δ 0.5 to –1.0 ppm), and pyrophosphate (δ –4.5 to –5.5 ppm). To further quantify soil P species contained within the orthophosphate and phosphomonoester region, spectral deconvolution was carried out due to the presence of several overlapping peaks, as recommended by Doolette and Smernik (2015) and McLaren et al (2015b), and described in detail by Doolette et al (2011a) and McLaren et al (2015c). Briefly, this involves partitioning the NMR signal of the orthophosphate and phosphomonoester region (δ 7 to 3.5 ppm) into up to ten sharp resonances (signals from orthophosphate, α‐glycerophosphate, β‐glycerophosphate, myo ‐inositol hexakisphosphate‐3 resolvable peaks, RNA mononucleotides‐3 peaks and scyllo ‐inositol hexakisphosphate), and one broad resonance, which is due to organic P bound by phosphomonoester linkages in high molecular weight material ( Jarosch et al, 2015; McLaren et al, 2015b).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concentrations of phosphomonoesters in the broad signal of this soil layer were 35, 71, and 62 mg kg −1 in the control, 125 kg ha −1 and 250 kg ha −1 in the treatments, respectively. McLaren et al (2015b) combined ultrafiltration and solution 31 P NMR spectroscopy on soil extracts to demonstrate that this broad signal is of high molecular weight and was a major component of the organic P in soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemical nature of organic phosphorus that accumulates in fertilized soils of a temperate pasture as determined by solution ³¹P NMR spectroscopy

McLaren

Smernik

Simpson

et al. 2016

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Inefficiency of fertilizer phosphorus (P) use in grazing systems is often associated with the accumulation of inorganic and organic P in fertilized soil. However, the chemical nature of the accumulated organic P remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to use solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy on sodium hydroxide–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (NaOH‐EDTA) extracts to identify the chemical nature of organic P in soils from a medium‐term (13 years) permanent pasture field experiment. This included an unfertilized pasture (P0), and treatments designed to maintain soil P fertility at near ‘optimum' (P1) and ‘supra‐optimum' (P2) levels for pasture growth; pastures at all levels of soil P fertility were continuously grazed with either a moderate or high stocking rate (SR09 and SR18). Approximately 20% of the fertilizer P added to pastures was recovered as organic P in NaOH‐EDTA extracts at the P1 level of soil P fertility in the 0–10 cm soil layer, and the majority (≈ 65%) of this was detected as the broad phosphomonoester signal. In addition, several specific forms of phosphomonoesters (myo‐ and scyllo‐inositol hexakisphosphate, α‐ and β‐glycerophosphate, and RNA mononucleotides) and phosphodiesters were detected across all soils but at low concentrations. This study shows that phosphate fertilization of pastures primarily results in the accumulation of complex forms of phosphomonoesters rather than that of specific forms of recognizable biomolecules (e.g., myo‐inositol hexakisphosphate).

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Phosphorus retention in constructed wetlands enhanced by zeolite‐ and clinopyroxene‐dominated lava sand

Alewell

Huang

McLaren

et al. 2021

Hydrological Processes

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Constructed wetlands (CWs) are engineered systems for treating wastewater by sequestering nutrients and contaminants. Our aim was to assess the main phosphorus (P) binding states in operating CWs to assess P saturation and indications on P recycling potential of filter materials, which might be necessary under future peak P scenarios. The investigated vertical flow CWs (operation time up to 16 years) are based on either fluviatile (Fluv) sand or zeolite-(Ze-LS) and clinopyroxene (Cl-LS)dominated lava sand. Organic and inorganic P accumulated in all CWs independent of filter materials and showed a considerable increase with operation time. Concentrations of P decreased sharply with depth in the Fluv-CWs compared to only a slight decrease in the lava sand CWs, with P concentrations of deeper horizons approximating the relatively P enriched original lava sand substrates. Orthophosphate was the dominant pool in all CWs, while the sum of organic fractions ranged between 11% and 33%. Sequential extraction indicated that P was mainly associated with Fe and Al (hydr)oxides for Fluv-CWs and Ze-LS-CWs, while Ca and Mg bound mineral phosphates dominated in Cl-LS-CWs. Oxalate extractions pointed to a clear dominance of P fractions associated with poorly crystalline Fe-and Al-(oxy)hydroxides. Solution 31 P NMR analyses revealed that inositol hexakisphosphates were a major pool of organic P in surface layers of CWs, which increased with operation time. With a maximum of 0.5% P content, filter sands do not appear to be a suitable fertilizer for direct application to agricultural fields. The dominance of inorganic, poorly crystalline P species point to potentially high desorption capacity which might be investigated further, to assess recycling potential of P or usage of filter materials as soil amendments with relatively high plant available P. The latter might become feasible and economically attractive under future P scarcity. Simultaneously, P saturation indexes (DPS) did not indicate an imminent P saturation of filters, since P accumulation was not restricted by binding to Al and Fe minerals. Christine Alewell and Jen-How Huang shared first authorship.

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Complex Forms of Soil Organic Phosphorus–A Major Component of Soil Phosphorus

Cited by 113 publications

References 45 publications

The composition of organic phosphorus in soils of the Snowy Mountains region of south-eastern Australia

The composition of organic phosphorus in soils of the Snowy Mountains region of south-eastern Australia

The chemical nature of organic phosphorus that accumulates in fertilized soils of a temperate pasture as determined by solution ³¹P NMR spectroscopy

Phosphorus retention in constructed wetlands enhanced by zeolite‐ and clinopyroxene‐dominated lava sand

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Complex Forms of Soil Organic Phosphorus–A Major Component of Soil Phosphorus

Cited by 113 publications

References 45 publications

The composition of organic phosphorus in soils of the Snowy Mountains region of south-eastern Australia

The composition of organic phosphorus in soils of the Snowy Mountains region of south-eastern Australia

The chemical nature of organic phosphorus that accumulates in fertilized soils of a temperate pasture as determined by solution 31P NMR spectroscopy

Phosphorus retention in constructed wetlands enhanced by zeolite‐ and clinopyroxene‐dominated lava sand

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The chemical nature of organic phosphorus that accumulates in fertilized soils of a temperate pasture as determined by solution ³¹P NMR spectroscopy