Complex Glycans and Immune Regulation

Paschall, Amy V.; Middleton, Dustin R.; Avci, Fikri Y.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821618-7.00004-3

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…The C-type lectins of the RegIII family, secreted by enterocytes and Paneth cells primarily in the distal ileum, show bactericidal properties by restricting mucosal access of gram-positive bacteria to the small intestinal epithelium and by enabling spatial segregation 59,103 . This protection is achieved through TLRs, which detect the microorganisms and activate Myd88 signaling (Fig.…”

Section: Immune Regulation Via Regiiimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One example is when the glycans expressed by bacteria are recognized by host lectins such as CLRs, galectins, and Siglecs. This recognition may result in the engulfment of the microbe by DCs, allowing for the processing and presentation of immunogenic epitopes 103,240,241 . Zwitterionic polysaccharide (ZPS) capsules in bacteria are highly studied immunomodulatory bacterial glycans, which play many important roles in the regulation of intestinal immune homeostasis 242 .…”

Section: Bacterial Glycansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from expressing glycans on their surface, gut bacteria also produce enzymes that modulate glycan expression on immune cells 103 . For example, immune evasion byStreptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus), a pathogen that causes diseases like acute rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, is attained by direct glycan modulation on antibodies 246,247 .…”

Section: Bacterial Glycansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Immune Interactions of Gut Glycans and Microbiota in Health and Disease

Avci,

Demirturk,

Cinar

2023

Preprint

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The human digestive system harbors a vast diversity of commensal bacteria and maintains a symbiotic relationship with them. However, imbalances in the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, accompany various diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colorectal cancers (CRCs), which have a significant impact on the well-being of people globally. Glycosylation of the mucus layer is a key factor that plays a critical role in maintaining the homeostatic environment in the gut. This review delves into the ways in which the gut microbiota, gut epithelial barrier, and immune cells work together to establish a balanced gut environment. Specifically, the role of glycosylation in regulating immune cell responses and mucus metabolism in this process is examined. Additionally, the review explores various modulatory approaches used to maintain or restore the functional gut microbiota.

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Section: Immune Regulation Via Regiiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bacterial Glycansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bacterial Glycansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Immune Interactions of Gut Glycans and Microbiota in Health and Disease

Avci,

Demirturk,

Cinar

2023

Preprint

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“…Tn antigen is a TACA ranked as a high-priority cancer-associated antigen based on its antigenicity and oncogenicity ( 14–18 ). Tn is a truncated form of the normal, extended cell surface O-glycan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A regulatory B cell subpopulation expressing CD301b lectin promotes breast cancer growth

Paschall,

Nawaz,

Avci

2024

Preprint

Self Cite

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Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) can promote tumor growth by regulating the anti-tumor immune response. The accumulation of immune suppressor cells within the tumor in response to TACAs suggests a critical pathway to suppress immune targeting of the tumor. Employing murine breast cancer models, we isolated a regulatory B cell subpopulation in the breast tumor microenvironment that displays an immune suppressive phenotype through its Tn TACA-binding lectin, CD301b. We then demonstrated that depleting CD301b+cells facilitated tumor control and mouse survival, whereas increasing Tn antigen expression decreased mouse survival. As tumor cells use Tn expression to overcome immune targeting, interfering with or blocking the Tn-CD301 axis may unleash the immune system, specifically within the aberrantly glycosylated tumor microenvironment, offering new immunotherapy for breast and other cancers.

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Tn antigen interactions of macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) in immune function and disease

Tumoglu,

Keelaghan,

Avci

2023

Glycobiology

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Protein-carbohydrate interactions are essential in maintaining immune homeostasis and orchestrating inflammatory and regulatory immune processes. This review elucidates the immune interactions of macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL, CD301) and Tn carbohydrate antigen. MGL is a C-type lectin receptor (CLR) primarily expressed by myeloid cells such as macrophages and immature dendritic cells. MGL recognizes terminal O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue on the surface proteins, also known as Tn antigen (Tn). Tn is a truncated form of the normal, elongated cell surface O-glycan. The hypoglycosylation leading to Tn may occur when the enzyme responsible for O-glycan elongation—T-synthase—or its associated chaperone—cosmc—becomes functionally inhibited. As reviewed here, Tn expression is observed in many different neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases, and the recognition of Tn by MGL plays an important role in regulating effector T cells, immune suppression, and the recognition of pathogens.

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Complex Glycans and Immune Regulation

Cited by 4 publications

References 123 publications

The Immune Interactions of Gut Glycans and Microbiota in Health and Disease

The Immune Interactions of Gut Glycans and Microbiota in Health and Disease

A regulatory B cell subpopulation expressing CD301b lectin promotes breast cancer growth

Tn antigen interactions of macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) in immune function and disease

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