Complex Interactions of Obesity, Dairy Food Intake and Genetics of Lactase

Szilagyi, Andrew

doi:10.17756/jocd.2018-017

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…When obesity is examined in relation with latitude there is an apparent global lack of association [44][45][46]. Hossain et al plotted diabetes frequency by global regions (which closely follow the prevalence of obesity) based on data from 2000.…”

Section: Latitude Sunshine Vitamin D and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, CD and UC retained their relationship with latitude as well. [46], and national lactase non-persistence LNP rates based on references [44][45][46] with national frequencies of obesity obtained online for the years 2012 (OBn) and 2015 (OBm) from Obesity Update sites (OECD) ( [47,48], respectively) The data on obesity contains both self-reported and measured values. Calculations are based on a range of data from available countries [N].…”

Section: Lactase Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In IBD, immunity is dependent on genetics and the environment Fig. 1 Pathogenic contributions associated with obesity are shown figure based on and modified from reference [46]. The primary drivers of host pro-inflammatory response originate from adipokines produced from visceral and subcutaneous fat.…”

Section: Comorbidities In Obesity Shared With Inflammatory Bowel Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship(s) between obesity and inflammatory bowel diseases: possible intertwined pathogenic mechanisms

Szilagyi

2019

Clin J Gastroenterol

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The inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's and ulcerative colitis have increased in incidence and prevalence from the mideighteen to the late nineteen centuries. From then to the current twenty-first century there has been a more rapid expansion of these disease to areas previously experiencing low rates. This latter expansion coincides with the current obesity pandemic which also began toward the end of the last century. Although the two diseases have radically different frequencies, there are interesting links between them. Four areas link the diseases. On an epidemiological level, IBD tends to follow a northsouth gradient raising the importance of vitamin D in protection. Obesity has very weak relationship with latitude, but both diseases follow adult lactase distributions colliding in this plane. Is it possible that obesity (a low vitamin D condition with questionable response to supplements) reduces effects in IBD? On a pathogenic level, pro-inflammatory processes mark both IBD and obesity. The similarity raises the question of whether obesity could facilitate the development of IBD. Features of the metabolic syndrome occur in both, with or without obesity in IBD. The fourth interaction between the two diseases is the apparent effect of obesity on the course of IBD. There are suggestions that obesity may reduce the efficacy of biologic agents. Yet there is some suggestion also that obesity may reduce the need for hospitalization and surgery. The apparent co-expansion of both obesity and IBD suggests similar environmental changes may be involved in the promotion of both.

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Section: Latitude Sunshine Vitamin D and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lactase Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comorbidities In Obesity Shared With Inflammatory Bowel Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship(s) between obesity and inflammatory bowel diseases: possible intertwined pathogenic mechanisms

Szilagyi

2019

Clin J Gastroenterol

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“…Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the effects of dairy on different aspects of body weight tended to support a protective effect. However more recent analyses of randomized controlled trials showed either neutral effects or a benefit only in the short term with energy restriction [131]. When the genetics of lactase are included the beneficial effects were largely eliminated [132].…”

Section: Consequences Of Dairy Product Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The last study by the Mendelian Randomization of Dairy Consumption Working Group concluded that dairy products promote obesity. There is a possible counter argument to this conclusion in that the TT lactase (C/T-13910) genotype may be associated with increased BMI and possibly introduce horizontal bias [124,131]. The conclusions need to be further evaluated, possibly in addition to other polymorphisms which regulate lactase.…”

Section: Consequences Of Dairy Product Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactose Intolerance, Dairy Avoidance, and Treatment Options

2018

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Lactose intolerance refers to symptoms related to the consumption of lactose-containing dairy foods, which are the most common source for this disaccharide. While four causes are described, the most common is the genetically-determined adult onset lactose maldigestion due to loss of intestinal lactase governed by control of the gene by a 14,000 kb promoter region on chromosome 2. Gastrointestinal symptoms from lactose have expanded to include systemic effects and have also been confounded by other food intolerances or functional gastrointestinal disorders. Partly because lactose maldigestion is often interpreted as lactose intolerance (symptoms), focus of therapy for these symptoms starts with lactose restriction. However, withholding of dairy foods completely is not appropriate due to a more favorable impact on health. Industrial efforts to substitute with plant-based products is not completely successful at this time. This narrative article reviews the complexities of the perception of lactose intolerance, its epidemiology, and pathogenesis. Treatments are discussed, including the inappropriateness of dairy avoidance. In conjunction, effects of dairy products on 19 common diseases are reviewed. Different methods of treatment, lactose-reduced products, plant-based dairy substitutes, adaptation, prebiotics, exogenous lactase, probiotics, and some other dietary interventions are further discussed.

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High-Protein Diet Containing Dairy Products is Associated with Low Body Mass Index and Glucose Concentrations: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2019

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The aim was to evaluate whether the ingestion of a high protein diet containing dairy protein is associated with anthropometric indicators of adiposity and blood glucose. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with volunteers of 20–89 years of age who performed leisure physical activity. We assessed dietary intake, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), triceps skinfold thickness (TSFT), random blood glucose as well as sociodemographic and behavioral variables. Results: A total of 418 individuals were evaluated. The consumption of a high-protein diet (1.80 ± 0.49 g/kg/day) was found in 37.8% of individuals, which showed lower BMI, WC, TSFT and blood glucose concentrations compared to those with a low-protein diet (0.56 ± 0.18 g/kg/day). Dairy products consumption was inversely associated with BMI when adjusted for sex and age (odds ratio (OR): 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68–0.93, p = 0.004) and by sex, age, fiber and energy (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.67–0.92; p = 0.004), and with blood glucose when adjusted for sex and age (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.74–0.99; p = 0.042). Cheese consumption was inversely associated with blood glucose when adjusted for sex and age (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55–0.96, p = 0.023) and by sex, age, calories and fibers (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56–0.98, p = 0.036). Two portions of cheeses/day reduced the risk of having high blood glucose levels by approximately 80%. Conclusion: A high-protein diet containing dairy food, in particular two servings of cheese, was associated with low BMI and random glucose concentration.

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Complex Interactions of Obesity, Dairy Food Intake and Genetics of Lactase

Cited by 4 publications

References 103 publications

Relationship(s) between obesity and inflammatory bowel diseases: possible intertwined pathogenic mechanisms

Relationship(s) between obesity and inflammatory bowel diseases: possible intertwined pathogenic mechanisms

Lactose Intolerance, Dairy Avoidance, and Treatment Options

High-Protein Diet Containing Dairy Products is Associated with Low Body Mass Index and Glucose Concentrations: A Cross-Sectional Study

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