Complex magma mixing, mingling, and withdrawal associated with an intra-Plinian ignimbrite eruption at a large silicic caldera volcano: Los Humeros of central Mexico

Carrasco-Núñez, Gerardo; McCurry, Michael; Branney, Michael J.; Norry, Michael J; Willcox, Christopher

doi:10.1130/b30501.1

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The Zaragoza Ignimbrite flow and fall deposits have been emplaced over the caldera rim, following the Los Potreros Caldera collapse (e.g. Carrasco-Núñez et al, 2012). The faults observed in the outcrops have main N-S strike, parallel to the caldera rim (Figs.…”

Section: Field Measurement Of Structural Featuresmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Structural analysis and thermal remote sensing of the Los Humeros Volcanic Complex: Implications for volcano structure and geothermal exploration

Norini

Groppelli

Sulpizio

et al. 2015

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

208

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Section: Field Measurement Of Structural Featuresmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…2A). A second caldera collapse event occurred at 100 ka, with the formation of the rhyodacitic Zaragoza Ignimbrite (15 km 3 DRE) and the nested 8-10 km wide Los Potreros Caldera (Ferriz and Mahood, 1984;Carrasco-Núñez and Branney, 2005;Carrasco-Núñez et al, 2012) (Fig. 2A).…”

Section: The Lhvcmentioning

confidence: 98%

Structural analysis and thermal remote sensing of the Los Humeros Volcanic Complex: Implications for volcano structure and geothermal exploration

Norini

Groppelli

Sulpizio

et al. 2015

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

208

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“…However, for those samples whose ( 238 U/ 232 Th)‐( 230 Th/ 232 Th) composition of the zircons revealed a complex crystallization history (i.e., not forming an isochron), suggesting a nonsteady state magma chamber (e.g., Barboni et al, ). Alternatively, it can be considered a protracted crystallization from a compositionally heterogeneous magma reservoir where two magmas (rhyodacite and andesitic) apparently remained isolated from one another, possibly as separated interconnected lenses, which interacted in that isotopically homogeneous, but variably crystalized magmatic reservoir as deducted from the Zaragoza ignimbrite (Carrasco‐Núñez et al, ). U‐Th model‐ages for each zircon grain were calculated following the “BBB” model (Boehnke et al, ).…”

Section: U/th and 40ar/39/ar Methods And Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The smaller, 9–10 km wide, and younger Los Potreros caldera is associated with the emplacement of the compositionally zoned rhyodacitic to andesitic Zaragoza ignimbrite (Carrasco‐Núñez et al, ), an intraplinian pyroclastic flow deposit (Figure c), with a volume of ∼15 km 3 DRE (Carrasco‐Núñez & Branney, ). The new 69 ± 16 ka 40 Ar/ 39 Ar date proposed in this paper is much younger than the previous 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age of 140 ± 24 ka obtained by Willcox (; Figure ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The successive caldera‐collapse forming multiple calderas (Los Humeros and Los Potreros) likely developed variously overlapping, nested, reactivated, and overprinted structures shaping the feeding system (Gudmundsson, ). The magmatic system beneath Los Humeros is likely complex and irregular with active melt zones and partially crystallized zones where mixing and mingling of hybrid magmas erupted during the Zaragoza ignimbrite eruption (Carrasco‐Núñez et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reappraisal of Los Humeros Volcanic Complex by New U/Th Zircon and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar Dating: Implications for Greater Geothermal Potential

Carrasco-Núñez

Bernal

Dávila

et al. 2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Longevity and size of magmatic systems are fundamental factors for assessing the potential of a geothermal field. At Los Humeros volcanic complex (LHVC), the first caldera‐forming event was reported at 460 ± 40 ka. New zircon U/Th and plagioclase 40Ar/39Ar dates of pre‐, syn‐ and postcaldera volcanics allow a reappraisal of the evolution of the geothermally active LHVC. The age of the voluminous Xaltipan ignimbrite (115 km3 dense rock equivalent [DRE]) associated with the formation of the Los Humeros caldera is now constrained by two geochronometers (zircon U/Th and plagioclase 40Ar/39Ar dating) to 164 ± 4.2 ka, which postdates a long episode of precaldera volcanism (rhyolitic domes), the oldest age of which is 693.0 ± 1.9 ka (40Ar/39Ar). The inferred short residence time (around 5 ka) for the paroxysmal Xaltipan ignimbrite is indicative of rapid assembly of a large magma body and rejuvenation of the system due to recurrent recharge magmas, as it has been occurred in some other large magmatic systems. Younger ages than previously believed have been obtained also for the other voluminous explosive phases of the Faby fall tuff at ∼70 ka and the second caldera‐forming Zaragoza ignimbrite with 15 km3 DRE, which erupted immediately after. Thus, the time interval that separates the two caldera‐forming episodes at Los Humeros is only 94 kyr, which is a much shorter interval than suggested by previous K‐Ar dates (410 kyr). This temporal proximity allows us to propose a caldera stage encompassing the Xaltipan and the Zaragoza ignimbrites, followed by emplacement at 44.8 ± 1.7 ka of rhyolitic magmas interpreted to represent a postcaldera, resurgent stage. Rhyolitic eruptions have also occurred during the Holocene (<7.3 ± 0.1 ka) along with olivine‐rich basalts that suggest recharge of the system. The estimated large volume magmatic reservoir for Los Humeros (>∼1,200 km3) and these new ages indicating much younger caldera‐forming volcanism than previously believed are fundamental factors in the application of classical conductive models of heat resource, enhancing the heat production capacity and favor a higher geothermal potential.

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Mineralogy and geochemistry of sands along the Manzanillo and El Carrizal beach areas, southern Mexico: implications for palaeoweathering, provenance and tectonic setting

et al. 2016

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The provenance of sands from the Manzanillo (MN) and El Carrizal (CAR) beach areas along the Mexican Pacific coast (southern Mexico) was investigated based on their modal composition, mineralogy and geochemical data. The average quartz, feldspar and lithic fragment (QFL) ratios revealed that the proportion of quartz is higher in CAR sands than in MN sands. In comparison with MN, the CAR sands are enriched in SiO2 content with higher SiO2/Al2O3 ratio indicating that sediment recycling is greatest for the CAR sands. The variation in K2O/Al2O3 and Na2O/K2O ratios between the MN and CAR sands specified a difference in the relative proportion of plagioclase. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) and Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA) values revealed a moderate weathering intensity in the source areas. The MN sands are characterized by a low degree of rare earth element (REE) fractionation (LaCN/YbCN = ~6–7), whereas the CAR sands define fractionated REE patterns (LaCN/YbCN = ~8.8–16.8). The fractionated REE pattern with elevated total low REE (∑LREE) content of the CAR sands suggested that sediment sorting is higher for the CAR than MN sands. Small negative and positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = ~0.91–1.23) of MN sands indicated the derivation of sediments from felsic‐intermediate source rocks. The CAR sands showed higher concentration of ∑LREE than total heavy REE (∑HREE) and characterized by a significant negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = ~0.46–0.78), suggested that the source rock is felsic type. The result obtained by the comparison of REE patterns of the beach sands to the probable source rocks is also consistent with this observation. The compositional differences identified between the MN and CAR beach areas suggested that longshore current in the mixing and homogenization of sands is not significant. The new tectonic discriminant‐function‐based multidimensional diagrams showed an arc setting (active) for the MN sands and a rift setting (passive) for the CAR sands, which is consistent with the regional geology of southern Mexico. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Complex magma mixing, mingling, and withdrawal associated with an intra-Plinian ignimbrite eruption at a large silicic caldera volcano: Los Humeros of central Mexico

Cited by 33 publications

References 70 publications

Structural analysis and thermal remote sensing of the Los Humeros Volcanic Complex: Implications for volcano structure and geothermal exploration

Structural analysis and thermal remote sensing of the Los Humeros Volcanic Complex: Implications for volcano structure and geothermal exploration

Reappraisal of Los Humeros Volcanic Complex by New U/Th Zircon and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar Dating: Implications for Greater Geothermal Potential

Mineralogy and geochemistry of sands along the Manzanillo and El Carrizal beach areas, southern Mexico: implications for palaeoweathering, provenance and tectonic setting

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Complex magma mixing, mingling, and withdrawal associated with an intra-Plinian ignimbrite eruption at a large silicic caldera volcano: Los Humeros of central Mexico

Cited by 33 publications

References 70 publications

Structural analysis and thermal remote sensing of the Los Humeros Volcanic Complex: Implications for volcano structure and geothermal exploration

Structural analysis and thermal remote sensing of the Los Humeros Volcanic Complex: Implications for volcano structure and geothermal exploration

Reappraisal of Los Humeros Volcanic Complex by New U/Th Zircon and 40Ar/39Ar Dating: Implications for Greater Geothermal Potential

Mineralogy and geochemistry of sands along the Manzanillo and El Carrizal beach areas, southern Mexico: implications for palaeoweathering, provenance and tectonic setting

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Reappraisal of Los Humeros Volcanic Complex by New U/Th Zircon and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar Dating: Implications for Greater Geothermal Potential