Complex Outness Patterns Among Sexual Minority Youth: A Latent Class Analysis

Caba, Antonia; Mallory, Allen B.; Simon, Kyle A.; Rathus, Taylor; Watson, Ryan J.

doi:10.1007/s10964-022-01580-x

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…We found this particularly interesting because the wording of the items imply that parents have some knowledge of youth’s sexual orientation or gender identity. Coming out as SGM is a complex process in which SGMY experience varying degrees of awareness, knowledge, and disclosure related to their sexual and/or gender identities (Bishop et al, 2020; Caba et al, 2022). Youth who have not directly told their parents about their identities may be carefully paying attention to their parents’ attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people to gauge how they might react to their disclosure (Jadwin-Cakmak et al, 2015), and thus respond to these items from that perspective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our study is not without limitations. First, it is difficult to accurately measure youth's disclosure (Caba et al, 2022); thus, categorizing SGMY based on disclosure status will be naturally imprecise. We dichotomized SGMY as being disclosed to parents if they said that at least "a few" of their parents knew about their identity.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement equivalence of family acceptance/rejection among sexual and gender minority youth by disclosure status.

Pollitt¹,

Fish²,

Watson³

2023

Journal of Family Psychology

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Family acceptance is a crucial component of healthy development during adolescence, especially for sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) who often fear rejection from family members. Studies focused on SGMY family environments often utilize broad measures that fail to capture SGMY-specific aspects of family acceptance and rejection. Less research has considered how the measurement of family acceptance and rejection might differ depending on whether SGMY have disclosed their sexual and/or gender identities to their parents. We used data from a national nonprobability sample of 9,127 SGMY in the United States who had either disclosed (n = 6,683) or not disclosed (n = 2,444) their sexual and/or gender identities to parents to test the factor structure of an eight-item measure of family acceptance and rejection and differences by disclosure status. A two-factor, negatively correlated model reflecting constructs of family acceptance and family rejection was equivalent across disclosure groups. Youth who had disclosed their identity reported greater acceptance and less rejection and showed a stronger negative association between the two constructs than nondisclosed youth. Family acceptance, but not rejection, had higher variability among disclosed youth than nondisclosed youth. Results suggest that the family environments of SGMY are simultaneously characterized by accepting and rejecting behaviors. Though families of disclosed youth appear to be more accepting and less rejecting, the experiences of these youth are complex. Findings suggest that research on SGMY family environment must consider both supportive and undermining behaviors and that the measures assessed here operate similarly for youth based on disclosure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement equivalence of family acceptance/rejection among sexual and gender minority youth by disclosure status.

Pollitt¹,

Fish²,

Watson³

2023

Journal of Family Psychology

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“…Not conforming to heteronormative dating practices has contributed to SMY youth's experience of ostracism, teasing, and violence (Reuter et al, 2015) This rejection and victimization have also contributed to SMY being more likely to conceal their sexual identity from others which has detrimental effects of their mental health and self-image (Caba et al, 2022). Moreover, nonconformity to heteronormative dating standards has also been linked to increased TDV perpetration, victimization, and poor relationship quality (Berg et al, 2016;Meyer, 2001;Reuter et al, 2015).…”

Section: Risk Factors For Teen Dating Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Teen dating violence interventions for sexual minority youth: A scoping review

Smith

Singer

Jann

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background. Sexual minority youth (SMY) are disproportionately impacted by teen dating violence (TDV). However, current interventions do not address the distinct needs of SMY. Culturally safe and effective TDV prevention interventions targeted to SMY are needed. The purpose of this review is to (1) examine TDV interventions that are inclusive of SMY and (2) determine the effectiveness of the interventions in terms of both knowledge and behavioral changes.Methods. A scoping review was conducted and includes studies that met the following inclusion criteria: (1) evaluated a TDV prevention program,(2) included participants who identify as lesbian/gay, bisexual, unsure, or queer; (3) reported outcomes for SMY; and (4) were published in the English language. The Effective Public Health Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies and Garrard Matrix Method were employed to critically evaluate articles and synthesize findings.Results. A comprehensive search was conducted using five electronic databases that revealed 878 articles. Three articles were included in this review. Findings revealed that culturally targeted interventions improved dating violence knowledge and decreased the acceptance of sexual violence from pre-post intervention. However, current interventions have limited impact on behavioral outcomes among SMY. Moreover, quality assessments revealed that existing interventions were either weak or moderate, highlighting the need for additional research and culturally targeted TDV interventions.Discussion/Conclusion. Implications for future intervention development regarding measurement, recruiting and community partnership, institutional review board issues, improving behavioral outcomes, addressing unique risk factors, cultural targeting, intervention design, and methodological approaches are described.

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“…Others have also noted complex outness patterns among sexual minority youth [46]. Based on a latent class analysis, the patterns included 1) out to all but teachers, 2) out to siblings and peers, 3) out to siblings and LGBTQ peers, 4) out to LGBTQ peers, snd 5) mostly not out.…”

Section: "Outness"mentioning

confidence: 99%

LGBTQ in Youth: A Narrative Review

2022

Arch Pediatr

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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer/questioning youth have experienced stigma in the form of stressors including rejection by parents and peers, discrimination, harassment and violence. The prevalence has ranged from 18% to 67% in different samples. The disparities they have experienced include sexual and mental health, substance use and suicide risk. Since they spend much of their time in school, gay straight alliances have been created and have helped reduce these problems. Despite the limitations of this recent literature, the research highlights the ongoing problems of LGBTQ youth and the need for continuing research and interventions.This narrative review involved entering the terms LGBTQ and youth into PubMed and PsycINFO. The search yielded 541 papers for the last five years. However, following exclusion criteria including case studies and non-English papers, this review is a summary of the research reported in 66 papers. The recent literature on LGBTQ and youth is predominantly focused on negative effects of belonging to a sexual or gender minority group along with some studies on comorbidities, buffers and interventions. This narrative review is accordingly divided into sections on prevalence, effects/ correlates, comorbidities, buffers and interventions.

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Complex Outness Patterns Among Sexual Minority Youth: A Latent Class Analysis

Cited by 31 publications

References 55 publications

Measurement equivalence of family acceptance/rejection among sexual and gender minority youth by disclosure status.

Measurement equivalence of family acceptance/rejection among sexual and gender minority youth by disclosure status.

Teen dating violence interventions for sexual minority youth: A scoping review

LGBTQ in Youth: A Narrative Review

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