Complex Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis: Where to Begin to Do It Right?

Abstract

Synthesis of advanced ceramics requires a high degree of control over the particle size and stoichiometry of the material. When choosing a synthesis method for complex oxides it is important to begin with the correct precursors and solvents to achieve high purity nanoparticles. Here, we detail the selection process for precursors and solvents for liquid-phase precipitation synthesis. Data for metal nitrate, chloride, acetate, and oxalate precursors has been compiled to assist future synthesis. The role of hydration within the precursors is discussed as it affects the final stoichiometry of the material. Melting temperatures are also compiled for these compounds to assist in material selection. The solubility of the precursors in different solvents is examined to determine the correct solvent during synthesis. As an example, using the methodology presented here, two different materials are synthesized based on commonly available precursors. A catalyst based on a quaternary perovskite and an advanced ionic conductor based on a high entropy fluorite oxide are synthesized using precipitation methods and their characterization is detailed.

A comprehensive review on the biomedical frontiers of nanowire applications

“… CVD synthesizes multi-component materials due to variations in vapor pressure, nucleation, and growth rates, and lacks volatile, nontoxic, and nonpyrophoric precursors in thermally activated CVD. [ 191 , 192 ]. Template Assisted Method Control over the morphology, structure, and, dimension.…”

Processing, Phase Stability, and Conductivity of Multication-Doped Ceria

“…Among the liquid-phase synthesis methods (e.g., precipitation, hydrolysis, citrate gel, etc. ), co-precipitation using oxalic acid as the precipitating agent is a particularly effective method to reduce segregation [11]. The oxalate method produces nanocrystalline single-phase precipitates that are already mixed for the lanthanide elements [12].…”