Complex Problem Solving in Assessments of Collaborative Problem Solving

Abstract

Abstract:Collaborative problem solving (ColPS) proficiency was developed as a new assessment for the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in the 2015 international evaluation of student skills and knowledge. The assessment framework defined by the PISA ColPS 2015 expert group crossed three major collaboration processes with four problem solving processes that were adopted from the PISA 2012 individual problem solving assessment to form a matrix of 12 specific skills. The three major collaboration processes are (1) establishing and maintaining shared understanding; (2) taking appropriate action; and (3) establishing and maintaining team organization. The four problem solving processes are exploring and understanding the problem, representing and formulating the problem, planning and executing strategies, and monitoring and reflecting on the problem-solving activities. This article discusses how the problem-solving dimension was integrated with the collaboration dimension. We also discuss how computer agents were involved in the PISA ColPS 2015 assessment in order to ensure a satisfactory assessment of collaborative problem solving. Examples of the use of agents to assess ColPS are provided in the context of a released PISA item and a project conducted in Taiwan.

Control of underground blast induced building vibration by shape-memory-alloy rubber bearing (SMARB)

“…All these unique characteristics make SMAs very appealing for use in conjunction with BI systems. Amongst the early studies, Graesser and Cozzarelli [23,24] have explored the possibility of using SMAs as a new material for seismic isolation. Song et al [25] presented a review of the applications of SMA materials for passive, active, and semiactive control of civil structures.…”

“…The superelastic behaviour of Ni-Ti-based SMA has been modelled by many researchers, and one of the most widely used models is the Graesser-Cozzarelli model. [23,24] The constitutive stress-strain relationship of SMAs as given by this model was validated experimentally under cyclic response condition. Due to the very small duration of blast loading, the structure remains in the forced vibration phase for a very short time and most of the response falls in the free vibration phase.…”

“…Thus, the comparative performance of the structure isolated by N-Z bearing, and SMARB is judged in terms of reduction in the absolute peak acceleration of the superstructure as well as in the peak and residual displacement of the bearing. Here and elsewhere in the paper, the reduction in structural response achieved by the BI system is expressed as a ratio of the difference in the responses of the fixed-base structure Values of parameters adopted for the superstructure, SMARB, and N-Z systems Superstructure (adopted from Kelly et al [40] ) For both BI systems = 2500, n = 3, [23,24] F S0 = 0.05, α s = 0.1, [31] and u s = 0.025 m [30] F 0 = 0.05 and α = 0.05 [39] Note. BI = base isolation; N-Z = New-Zealand; SMARB = shape-memory-alloy rubber bearing.…”

Interactive Exploratory Objects: From Laboratory Experiments to Mass Practices of the XXI Century

“…the creation of computerized interactive collaborative problems for collabora-• tive exploratory activities of several participants based on the principle of jigsaw problem: none of the participants have complete information about the task and a sufficient set of solutions; the information and material resources of all participants vary, and the research task can be solved only by negotiating, exchanging information, and combining the possibilities (Graesser, Kuo, & Liao, 2017;OECD, 2013OECD, , 2017; the collection of big data and use of data mining on the research strategies of • a large number of users (Greiff, Niepel, Scherer, & Martin, 2016); the study of a participant's brain activity during the survey of new worlds and • the relevant objects (certainly so far on small samples in laboratory settings) (Fields, 2016;Snider, Plank, Lynch, Halgren, & Poizner, 2013).…”

Thermally modulated shape memory alloy friction pendulum (tmSMA-FP) for substantial near-fault earthquake structure protection

“…[36] Early attempts in constitutive modeling of SMAs were based on fitting uniaxial experimental data and used empirical relations for the evolution of martensite-phase fraction. [67][68][69] Such material models do not incorporate key aspects of material behavior, that is, phase transformation under stress or temperature change and strain rate effects. Other uniaxial models [70] consider the effects of phase transformation under cyclic/dynamic load on the energy dissipation properties of SMAs.…”