ReuseThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) licence. This licence only allows you to download this work and share it with others as long as you credit the authors, but you can't change the article in any way or use it commercially. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/
TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request.
AbstractOwing to practical limitations less than half of Earth's 1400 subaerial volcanoes have no ground monitoring and few are monitored consistently. Earth-observing satellite missions provide global and frequent measurements of volcanic activity that are closing these gaps in coverage. We compare databases of global, satellite-detections of ground deformation (1992-2016), SO 2 emissions , and thermal features (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016) that together include 306 volcanoes. Each database has limitations in terms of spatial and temporal resolution but each technique contributed 45-86 unique detections of activity that were not detected by other techniques.Integration of these three databases shows that satellites detected ~10 2 volcanic activities per year before the year 2000 and ~10 3 activities per year after the year 2000. We find that most of the 54 erupting volcanoes without satellite-detections are associated with low volcano explosivity index eruptions and note that many of these eruptions (71%, 97/135) occurred in the earliest decades of remote sensing (pre-2000) when detection thresholds were high. From 1978-2016 we conduct a preliminary analysis of the timing between the onset of satellite-detections of deformation (N=154 episodes, N=71 volcanoes), thermal features (N=16544 episodes, N=99 volcanoes), and SO 2 emissions (N=1495 episodes, N=116 volcanoes) to eruption start dates. We analyze these data in two ways: first, including all satellite-detected volcanic activities associated
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P Twith an eruption; and second, by considering only the first satellite-detected activity related to eruption. In both scenarios, we find that deformation is dominantly pre-eruptive (47% and 57%) whereas available databases of thermal features and SO 2 emissions utilizing mainly lowresolution sensors are dominantly co-eruptive (88% and 76% for thermal features, 97% and 96% for SO 2 emissions).