Complexation of DNA with cationic gemini surfactant in aqueous solution

Structural, biocomplexation and gene delivery properties of hydroxyethylated gemini surfactants with varied spacer length

“…Gemini surfactants demonstrate much lower critical micelle concentrations (cmc) and different morphological behavior as compared to their single-head analogs [15][16][17][18][19]. Besides, surfactants under study vary in their spacers, namely, head groups are bridged by four (G4), six (G6) or twelve (G12) methylene groups.…”

Hydrodynamic size of DNA/cationic gemini surfactant complex as a function of surfactant structure

“…The extrapolated molecular area and collapse pressure of the monolayer show maximum and minimum value, respectively, at s = 6 which is believed to be caused by the spacer acquiring the U-shape conformation due to its bending into the air phase (Chen et al 2002). The fluorescence study of DNA/12-3-12 gemini surfactant showed only small dependence of the cac of the complex on the electrolyte (NaBr) concentration (Zhao et al 2007). From the isothermal titration microcalorimetry experiments it follows that the surfactant dissymmetry (non-equal length of both alkyl chains in a gemini surfactant molecule) shows noticeable effect on the interaction of DNA and gemini surfactant (Jiang et al 2005).…”

Recent progress in gene therapy to deliver nucleic acids with multivalent cationic vectors

“…The electrostatic interaction in lipoplexes formed between GCLs and DNA or RNA, in the presence of a helper lipid as DOPE, DOPC, DMPC and others, have been fully investigated recently. Thus, several groups have studied lipoplexes containing the GCL series formed by two alkyl hydrophobic chains, two ammonium headgroups and an alkyl spacer between them and either DNA [54,66,71,91,[109][110][111][112][113] or siRNA [114]. Other groups have reported the electrostatic interaction when the GCL contains an oligo-oxyethylene spacer [93,115], and/or other headgroups as imidazolium or pyridinium [45, 57-59, 75, 99, 116].…”

“…Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and termogravimetric analysis (TGA) have been also used to analyze the interaction energy and related thermodynamic information during the formation of lipoplexes formed by some GCLs with pDNA [59,91,95,96,117,137,175], or polyplexes with cationic polymers and pDNA [95,162,176] or siRNA [153]. NMR spectroscopy has been used to analyze the lipoplex structure and the CL diffusion during the formation of lipoplexes formed by GCLs [53,111,112] and also for polyplexes with cationic polymers [95,98] or polyrotaxanes [89,90]. In the case of lipoplexes, results have shown that CL-NA electrostatic interactions reduce the long-range lipid mobility but locally enhance the hydrocarbon chain dynamics by perturbing the preferred lipid packing.…”