Complexities in attributing lead contamination to specific sources in an industrial area of Philadelphia, PA

Tuccillo, Mary Ellen; Blue, Julie; Koplos, Jonathan; Kelly, Jack; Wilkin, Richard T.

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15666

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Duplicate acid-digested samples were diluted to about 3 μg/L Pb with 2% (v/v) trace metal grade HNO 3 . Mass bias and instrumental drift were corrected via the standard-sample bracketing technique using repeated measurements of the common Pb isotopic standard NIST SRM-981. , To ensure concentration-independent isotopic ratios, the dead time of the detector was determined from analysis of uranium ICP-MS standards over the concentration range from 0.1 to 2 μg/L. Each set of 10 samples for Pb isotope ratios included one s source standard and one sample duplicate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Speciation, Bioaccessibility, and Sources for a Contaminated Subset of House Dust and Soils Collected from Similar United States Residences

Sowers,

Blackmon,

Wilkin

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Residential lead (Pb) exposure is of critical concern to families globally as Pb promotes severe neurological effects in children, especially those less than 5 years old, and no blood lead level is deemed safe by the US Center for Disease Control. House dust and soils are commonly thought to be important sources of Pb exposure. Probing the relationship between house dust and soil Pb is critical to understanding residential exposure, as Pb bioavailability is highly influenced by Pb sources and/or species. We investigated paired house dust and soil collected from homes built before 1978 to determine Pb speciation, source, and bioaccessibility with the primary goal of assessing chemical factors driving Pb exposure in residential media. House dust was predominately found to contain (hydro)cerussite (i.e., Pb (hydroxy)carbonate) phases commonly used in Pb-based paint that, in-turn, promoted elevated bioaccessibility (>60%). Pb X-ray absorption spectroscopy, μ-XRF mapping, and Pb isotope ratio analysis for house dust and soils support house dust Pb as chemically unique compared to exterior soils, although paint Pb is expected to be a major source for both. Soil pedogenesis and increased protection from environmental conditions (e.g., weathering) in households is expected to greatly impact Pb phase differences between house dust and soils, subsequently dictating differences in Pb exposure.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Speciation, Bioaccessibility, and Sources for a Contaminated Subset of House Dust and Soils Collected from Similar United States Residences

Sowers,

Blackmon,

Wilkin

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Soil samples taken from community gardens in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, with legacies of industrialization, had higher concentrations of lead than samples taken from suburban locations [21]. There was lead contamination in the soils of Philadelphia due to nearly 150 years of the operation of industrial facilities producing paint and other lead-bearing products [29]. Summary of four trace metal and metalloids (Pb, As, Cd, and Zn) across community gardens in the US are given in Table 2.…”

Section: Lead (Pb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Metal Contamination in Community Garden Soils across the United States

Malone,

Shakya

2024

Sustainability

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Community gardens are often seen as a means for producing sustainable food resources in urban communities. However, the presence of trace metals and metalloids such as lead, arsenic, and cadmium in urban soils poses a health risk to gardeners who participate in urban community gardens. They are exposed to these contaminates through multiple exposure pathways such as inhalation and ingestion directly through soil or through crops grown in the soil. Hot spots of soil contamination are higher in areas of cities with greater minority populations and lower incomes. This paper reviews the state of heavy metal contamination in community garden soils across the United States. This paper outlines the major sources of heavy metals in urban soils, exposure pathways, the ways to reduce heavy metal levels in garden soils, the means to slow down the uptake of heavy metals, and limit the exposure of these contaminates. The application of biochar and compost, implementing raised beds, and maintaining a natural pH are all examples of ways to mitigate heavy metal contaminants.

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Characteristics and Influence Factors of Pb(II) Adsorption by Graphene Oxide‐Montmorillonite Composite

Zhifang,

Xiaotian,

Dongxia

et al. 2024

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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This study presents the fabrication of a novel porous composite of graphene oxide‐montmorillonite (GO‐MMT) through the modification of montmorillonite using the freeze‐drying method for the purpose of Pb removal. The characterization of the GO‐MMT composite was conducted using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and X‐ray diffraction. The results from batch adsorption experiments revealed that the GO‐MMT composite exhibited a superior capacity for Pb removal compared to MMT. Furthermore, a single factor experiment confirmed that the dosage of the GO‐MMT composite or GO, pH, temperature, and reaction time all significantly influenced the adsorption of Pb by the GO‐MMT composite, MMT, or GO. This superiority can be attributed to the presence of oxygen‐containing functional groups, the site‐blocking effect, and the ion exchange mechanism exhibited by the GO‐MMT composite.

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Complexities in attributing lead contamination to specific sources in an industrial area of Philadelphia, PA

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

Lead Speciation, Bioaccessibility, and Sources for a Contaminated Subset of House Dust and Soils Collected from Similar United States Residences

Lead Speciation, Bioaccessibility, and Sources for a Contaminated Subset of House Dust and Soils Collected from Similar United States Residences

Trace Metal Contamination in Community Garden Soils across the United States

Characteristics and Influence Factors of Pb(II) Adsorption by Graphene Oxide‐Montmorillonite Composite

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