Coalition development is an important approach to the prevention of substance abuse. In addition, empowerment is considered a critical foundation of coalitions' effectiveness. Few studies, however, have tested the characteristics of coalitions that predict empowerment and effectiveness in substance abuse prevention contexts. This study tested a path model that included organizational characteristics as predictors of members' empowerment and ratings of coalition effectiveness. Participants (n = 138) were members of 11 coalitions. Leadership had an indirect effect on coalition effectiveness through its influence on opportunity role structure, social support, and group-based belief system. Empowerment mediated the effect of social support on effectiveness.Keywords: coalitions, empowerment, perceived effectiveness, strategic prevention framework, substance abuse prevention
INTRODUCTIONCoalitions often focus on creating changes in public policy or other environmental conditions that contribute to the prevalence of substance abuse in communities (Bunnell et al., 2012;Frieden, 2010;Gloppen, Arthur, Hawkins, & Shapiro, 2012;Linowski & DiFulvio, 2012; Wolfson et al., 2012). The present study contributes to the literature through an examination of community coalitions implementing a new federally driven substance abuse prevention framework. In particular, we test a conceptual model specifying organizational characteristics that are hypothesized as promoting empowerment among coalition members and their perceptions of coalition effectiveness. This social work investigation of coalition building within a substance abuse prevention context is an important step in increasing our understanding of empowerment-related processes and outcomes and how they can contribute to the effectiveness of groups working to improve quality of life through communitylevel interventions. Research that applies empowerment as a theoretical framework may contribute to our knowledge of strategies to improve social work practice in ways that build on the strengths of coalitions to effect social change, especially as it relates to preventing the harmful consequences of substance abuse in communities.Correspondence should be addressed to Kristen Gilmore Powell, Rutgers University, School of Social Work, 390 George Street, 5th Floor, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. E-mail: kgilmore@ssw.rutgers.edu
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POWELL AND PETERSONEmpowerment is a fundamental concept within the social work profession. For example, the social work Code of Ethics emphasizes the need for social workers to facilitate the empowerment of vulnerable populations by addressing environmental barriers that negatively affect the health and well-being of people on a macro scale (National Association of Social Workers, 2008). Empowerment theory encourages researchers and practitioners to focus beyond the individual level of analysis and attend to environmental risk factors affecting the well-being of those most vulnerable. Tracing the field's roots back to the settlement house movement, social wor...