Complexity-Based Classification of the Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19)

Abstract

COVID-19 is a pandemic disease, which massively affected human lives in more than 200 countries. Caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, this acute respiratory illness affects the human lungs and can easily spread from person to person. Since the disease heavily affects human lungs, analyzing the X-ray images of the lungs may prove to be a powerful tool for disease investigation. In this research, we use the information contained within the complex structures of X-ray images between the cases of COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases, whereas the case of healthy lungs is taken as the reference point. To analyze X-ray images, we benefit from the concept of Shannon’s entropy and fractal theory. Shannon’s entropy is directly related to the amount of information contained within the X-ray images in question, whereas fractal theory is used to analyze the complexity of these images. The results, obtained in this study, show that the method of fractal analysis can detect the level of infection among different respiratory diseases and that COVID-19 has the worst effect on the human lungs. In other words, the complexity of X-ray images is proportional to the severity of the respiratory disease. The method of analysis, employed in this study, can be used even further to analyze how COVID-19 progresses in affected patients.

COVID-19 responses among general people of Bangladesh: Status and individual view toward COVID-19 during lockdown period

“…This infectious disease have severely hit China, Europe, United States, Brazil and South-East Asia (Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center, Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center, 2020; WHO, 2020a). More than 200 countries' communities have endured the poignant impact of COVID-19 (Namazi & Kulish, 2020). The COVID-19 registered global cases were 35,079,152 as of the 4 October 2020 (Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center, Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center, 2020), whereas 1,036,111 global deaths were also recorded due to this pandemic (Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center, Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center, 2020).…”

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices towards COVID-19 during the Rapid Rise Period: A Cross-Sectional Survey among Public University Students of Bangladesh

“…The term "Coronophobia" has been shifted from the epicenter of China to Europe, United States, Brazil, and the South Asian region [6]. More than 200 countries have already been affected [7]. The frontline health sector has been paralyzed in many countries due to the pandemic [4,8,9].…”

Automatic detection of pneumonia in chest X-ray images using textural features

“…While the use of fractal dimension for x-ray image analysis has focused on the study of bone tissue [ 42 , 43 ] examples of its use can be found in a wide variety of clinical settings, as brain structures analysis [ 44 ] or vascular patterns studies [ 45 ]. However, its use in the pneumonia detection in X-ray has been so far limited [ 46 ].…”