Compliance by California tanning facilities with the nation’s first statewide ban on use before the age of 18 years

Grewal, Sungat K.; Haas, Ann F.; Pletcher, Mark J.; Resneck, Jack S.

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.09.016

Cited by 23 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our reported compliance rate was similar to a previous report, 5 suggesting that overall compliance is high. Our study is the first to examine compliance by facility type: findings support the need to educate businesses that offer IT but not exclusively, and thus may be less familiar with the law.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Assessment of Compliance With Texas Legislation Banning Indoor UV Tanning by Minors

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Indoor tanning (IT) before age 35 years increases melanoma risk by 59%. 1 Indoor tanning before 18 years increases risk by 85%. 2 In 2013, 1.6 million US youth younger than 18 years reported IT. 3 Multiple states have passed legislation banning IT by minors, but compliance by IT facilities is largely unknown. We evaluated Texas IT facilities' compliance with the state's 2013 ban on IT by individuals younger than 18 years.Methods | Female employees, aged 17 to 19 years, of a mystery shopping firm posed as 17-year-old potential customers and called IT facilities to inquire about using tanning beds. In July 2015, 1681 facilities were identified from the Texas Department of State Health Services. Ineligible facilities were fitness centers (n = 349), campus housing and/or residential apartments (n = 198), retail outlets unsuitable for minors (n = 3), or not licensed (n = 302). Eligible facilities (n = 829) were contacted July through August 2015. Excluding facilities that no longer offered IT (n = 13), were unreachable (n = 173), or had missing call data (n = 8), 635 (77% of eligible) study facilities were identified: 445 (70%) free-standing establishments that provided IT exclusively and 133 (21%) beauty salons and/or spas and 57 (9%) retail businesses that housed an IT device.Shoppers followed a script that mimicked conversation between a potential teenage customer and IT facility (Table 1). Calls were audiorecorded, transcribed, and deidentified by the firm prior to analysis. Two independent coders analyzed transcripts to determine compliance and facilities' responses to questions about tanning frequency and burn risk. Coding dis-crepancies were resolved through discussion. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center's institutional review board determined that this study was not human subjects research and exempted it from requiring approval.Results | Overall, 81% (n = 512 of 632; 95% CI, 78%-84%) of facilities reportedly complied with the ban on tanning by minors. Reported compliance was associated with facility type (χ 2 = 21.74, df = 2; P < .001) and was highest in free-standing facilities (n = 380 of 444; 86%; 95% CI, 83%-89%), followed by retail businesses (n = 43 of 57; 75%; 95% CI, 64%-86%) and salons and/or spas (n = 89 of 131; 68%; 95% CI, 60%-76%). Of noncompliant facilities (n = 120 [19%]), most responded that shoppers could tan with (n = 43 [36%]) or without (n = 10 [8%]) a parent's note, or with parental accompaniment (n = 42 [35%]). Overall, 492 (83%) reported that clients could tan daily (Table 2). Most responded directly (384 [68%]) or indirectly ( 139[25%]) that a burn was possible.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Assessment of Compliance With Texas Legislation Banning Indoor UV Tanning by Minors

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To realize the public health benefits intended by legislation to restrict minors' access to tanning beds, facilities must comply. Research on California's age restriction law showed that 77% of facilities were compliant . Data were collected by telephone by an individual posing as a 17‐year‐old, which is a common methodology in studies that evaluate large numbers of tanning facilities where it may be resource‐prohibitive to conduct in‐person visits to collect compliance data.…”

Section: Melanoma Prevention and Early Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the science on prevention and screening to reduce melanoma incidence and mortality: The time is now

Tripp

Watson

Balk

et al. 2016

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

160

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although overall cancer incidence rates are decreasing, melanoma incidence rates continue to increase about 3% annually. Melanoma is a significant public health problem that exacts a substantial financial burden. Years of potential life lost from melanoma deaths contribute to the social, economic and human toll of this disease. However, most cases are potentially preventable. Research has clearly established that exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation increases melanoma risk. Unprecedented anti-tumor activity and evolving survival benefit from novel targeted therapies and immunotherapies are now available for patients with unresectable and/or metastatic melanoma. Still, prevention (minimizing sun exposure that may result in tanned or sunburned skin and avoiding indoor tanning) and early detection (identifying lesions before they become invasive, or at an earlier stage) have significant potential to reduce melanoma incidence and melanoma-associated deaths. This paper reviews the state of the science on prevention and early detection of melanoma, and current areas of scientific uncertainty and ongoing debate. The US Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Prevent Skin Cancer and US Preventive Services Task Force reviews on skin cancer have propelled a national discussion on melanoma prevention and screening that makes this an extraordinary and exciting time for diverse disciplines in multiple sectors – health care, government, education, business, advocacy and community – to coordinate efforts and leverage existing knowledge to make major strides in reducing the public health burden of melanoma in the US.

show abstract

“…A cross-sectional study to explore the effectiveness of such bans was performed in 2013, in which a random sample of California tanning facilities (where statewide legislation was passed to ban sunbed use for individuals under age 18 in 2011) were phoned by a study investigator who indicated that she was 17-years-old. The caller was denied services at 77% of facilities, suggesting that legislation has made a meaningful impact on access to minors, though the phone conversations revealed inaccurate risk disclosures and claims by the tanning facilities [18]. This study is limited by the nature of phone interviews and does not provide evidence of denial of tanning services when a minor presents to an indoor tanning facility in person.…”

Section: Approaches To Reduce Uv Exposurementioning

confidence: 83%

Effects of Ultraviolet Exposure Behaviors on Skin Pigmentation and Melanoma

Hawryluk¹,

Oztan²

2014

Pigmentary Disorders

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tanning refers to the practice of darkening the pigment of one's skin through exposure to natural sunlight or artificial Ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Studies have explored the molecular mechanism of tanning induced by UV radiation exposure. UV radiation triggers DNA damage in the nucleus of keratinocytes, which induces production of melanin by melanocytes. The melanin is then transported to keratinocytes and manifests as darker pigmentation. An increasing amount of data accumulate to support a role for UV exposure in the development of both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. This article reviews the body of literature reporting the effects of UV exposure on melanocyte biology, skin pigmentation, and melanoma.

show abstract

Compliance by California tanning facilities with the nation’s first statewide ban on use before the age of 18 years

Cited by 23 publications

References 8 publications

Assessment of Compliance With Texas Legislation Banning Indoor UV Tanning by Minors

Assessment of Compliance With Texas Legislation Banning Indoor UV Tanning by Minors

State of the science on prevention and screening to reduce melanoma incidence and mortality: The time is now

Effects of Ultraviolet Exposure Behaviors on Skin Pigmentation and Melanoma

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About