Compliance changes of the gastrointestinal tract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Abstract

In order to elucidate diabetic gastrointestinal disorders, we measured the length, diameter, volume, and intraluminal pressure of the isolated segments of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and proximal colon during injection of Tyrode's solution into them, as well as wet weight. Wet weight of the stomach and of each intestinal segment of 3 cm length were similar between normal and diabetic preparations, except the duodenum. Wet weight of the diabetic duodenum was significantly heavier than that of normal. However, capacity of all diabetic gastrointestinal segments was significantly larger than that of normal ones, even after corrected for wet weight (ml/g wet weight). During saline injection, normal intestinal segments were more easily distended longitudinally than circumferentially. Contrarily, diabetic ones were distended more circumferentially than normal, as well as longitudinally. Pressure-volume relationships showed that pressure inside of the diabetic gastrointestinal tract increased much more moderately than that of normal one according to volume increase during saline injection. Similarly, tension inside of diabetic intestinal segments increased much more moderately than that of normal ones. Chord and slope compliance of diabetic gastrointestinal tract was generally larger than those of normal one. Histologically, there are no remarkable differences in cross-sectional area between normal and diabetic intestinal segments after usual fixation without intraluminal fixative injection. However, diabetic segments were much more remarkably dilated than normals were, when fixed after fixative injection. Greater compliance or distensibility of the diabetic gastrointestinal tract seemed to be one basic ground for dilatation, atony, larger appearance, transit delay, and motile disorders of the diabetic gastrointestinal tract.

Obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Swiss-Webster mice associated with late-onset hepatocellular carcinoma

“…It is also possible that functional perturbances to intestinal motility unassociated with morphologic changes (e.g., to interstitial cells of Cajal) may play a role in the flaccid paralysis of the bowel that was a consistent gross feature of the diabetic males we analyzed. Similar gross lesions have been observed in diabetic rats (Karakida & Homma 1989, Liu et al 1990, proposed as a model of gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy -a complication commonly seen in humans with type 1 diabetes (insulin dependent) mellitus. Signs of digestive dysfunction and delayed gastric emptying (gastroparesis) have also been described in human diabetics and mouse models of T2D (Asakawa et al 2003, James et al 2004.…”

Acetylcholine and substance P responsiveness of intestinal smooth muscles in streptozotocin diabetic rats.

“…2C). Significant difference was found only in duodenal circular muscle preparations as previously reported (KARAKIDA et al, 1986). In longitudinal muscle preparations ( Fig.…”

“…Frequency and amplitude of spontaneous motile activity Length changes of spontaneous motile activity were much more regular and frequent in normal than in diabetic small intestinal segments as reported previously for intaluminal pressure changes (KARAKIDA et al, 1986). Frequency of maximal power in spectral density analysis of spontaneous length changes, cycles per min, was lower in diabetic than in normal circular muscle preparations of small intestine (similar to Fig.…”

“…The 50% effective doses (ED50s) for ACh and sP were obtained from each dose- especially in duodenum when compared with normal controls. Furthermore, we supposed that reduced motile frequency was related to disorders of pacemaker activity and diabetic metabolic disorders (KARAKIDA et al, 1986). In this study, we could confirm the significantly reduced frequency of spontaneous length changes of both longitudinal and circular muscle preparations of streptozotocin diabetic rat duodenum.…”

Exergy Consumption Through the Life Cycle of Ceramic Parts

“…Chemical Exergy Calculations for Metal and Inorganic Compounds 9 : Referential species of inorganic compounds are denoted as X x , A a , B b , and so on. They are formed according to the following reaction formula: Using Δ G 0 for the Gibbs free energy change, the chemical exergy of the inorganic compound can be calculated using the following formula: As a reference, the exergy value of a substance is defined as zero if it does not react in a temperature environment of 25°C (298.15 K).…”