Compliance of agrochemical marketers with banned cocoa pesticides in southwest Nigeria

Mokwunye, I. U.; Babalola, Folaranmi Dapo; Asogwa, Uche E.; Idris, Ndagi; Aderolu, I. A.; Mokwunye, F. C.; Idrisu, M

doi:10.2298/jas1402161m

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Specifically, information from retailers to cocoa farmers involved recommendations about types of pesticides. 26 However, these recommendations did not involve safety precautions because of the retailers belief about cocoa farmers ability in pesticide handling. Furthermore, pesticide safety decision-making does not depend only on information sources but also on farmers’ trusts in the information providers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, local extension officers are mediators (or change agents) between the government and rural farmers to facilitate and communicate sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural practices in Nigeria. 26 The next level is the institution which consists of social organizations or agencies with formal or informal operational regulations. For instance, pesticide safety training programs from various agencies and importers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was based on previous literature about some of these stakeholders especially the retailers and extension officers in Nigeria. 26 , 27 Thus, other stakeholders such as others cocoa farmers, lead cocoa farmers, non-governmental agencies and relevant service providers were not included in the study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using the Socio-Ecological Model to Frame the Influence of Stakeholders on Cocoa Farmers’ Pesticide Safety in Nigeria: Findings from a Qualitative Study

Oludoye¹,

Robson²,

Siriwong³

2021

RMHP

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Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the roles of stakeholders on cocoa farmers’ safe pesticide use in Nigeria using the socio-ecological model as the theoretical framework. Methods This was a cross-sectional qualitative study where participants were purposefully selected based on some criteria. Then, they were interviewed in-depth using a semi-structured interview approach. The interview guide was designed based on other literature and the study objectives. The interview transcripts were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the content analysis technique. Results In all, 57 participants were involved in the interview process across all the study locations. Five layers of influence (cocoa farmers, pesticide retailers, extension officers, pesticide importers and government agencies) were considered. At individual level, cocoa farmers complained about lack of information from other stakeholders regarding pesticide use except retailers due to the farmers’ proximity to their stores. However, pesticide safety information from the retailers were found to be inadequate due to their interest in financial gains rather than a focus on human health and the environment. Additionally, most retailers had no understanding about the characteristics of products they sold as they could not read pesticide labels. Furthermore, lack of motivations, human resources and facilities hindered effective extension education in the rural communities. Also, pesticide importers took efforts to train the farmers within their network, but majority of these trainings focused on lead farmers who were expected to disseminate the information to others. Besides, the agencies did organize training or workshop sometimes, but it was inadequate due to budget constraint. Lastly, environmental or agri-policies relating to Nigerian cocoa farmers concerning safe pesticide use and disposal were also inadequate. Conclusion Generally, there was a large information gap with respect to pesticide safety between cocoa farmers and other stakeholders which undermined pesticide use safety. This study highlighted the need for government agencies in Nigeria to develop mechanisms to monitor information exchange among other stakeholders and cocoa farmers with respect to safe pesticide use and disposal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using the Socio-Ecological Model to Frame the Influence of Stakeholders on Cocoa Farmers’ Pesticide Safety in Nigeria: Findings from a Qualitative Study

Oludoye¹,

Robson²,

Siriwong³

2021

RMHP

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“…The levels of other insecticides not detected in this study suggest gradual phasing out of organochlorine pesticides. On the circulation of banned pesticides in Nigerian market, marketers of the pesticides are blamed for not supporting the ban as a result of government inadequate information on the newly approved pesticides [13]. Among the pesticides detected in the state, α-HCH, Dieldrin and endrin were with levels higher than the EU MRLs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Dried Cocoa

Olaniran

Ajiboye

Adebayo

et al. 2016

ILNS

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ABSTRACT. Organochlorine pesticide residues in dried cocoa beans from selected towns in Ondo and Osun States, Nigeria were determined. Four towns Ondo and Idanre (Ondo State) and Ife and Ilesa (Osun State) were selected to represent cocoa producing areas in the states. Samples were extracted and cleaned-up on silica gel adsorbent. Pesticide residues were detected using Gas Chromatography -Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Five organochlorine pesticides were detected in the samples from Ondo state which includes alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, delta-HCH, endrin and p p' DDT. The levels of p p' DDT (0.108 mg/kg and 0.107 mg/kg) detected in samples from Ondo and Idanre towns were lower than the EU MRL (0.5 mg/kg), while other detected organochlorine pesticide residues from the State were higher than the EU MRL. In Osun State, alpha-HCH, lindane, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor-epoxide, endosulfan I and p p' DDT were organochlorine pesticide residues detected, with lindane (0.074 mg/kg), endosulfan I (0.099 mg/kg) and p p' DDT (0.235 mg/kg) being lower than EU MRLs. Higher levels of organochlorine pesticide residues than the EU MRLs suggest that the produce were not safe for human consumption because of the tendency of the pestsides to persist for a long period of time and as well bioaccumulate within the environment. The produce can also face trade threat in international market. Measures were suggested to ameliorate this situation.

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“…Other levels of organochlorine insecticides not detected in this study might be as a result of the gradual degradation of the pesticides in the environment. It is worth noting that these banned pesticides are still in circulation in Nigeria markets, where the marketers fail to abide with the restriction placed on these pesticides (Mokuwunye et al, 2014). Since Endrin and Heptachlor epoxide are the most predominant organochlorine residues from the three markets, Endrin has a similar structure with Aldrin and Dieldrin.…”

Section: Journal Of Agricultural Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Organochlorine Residues in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. WALP) From Selected Markets in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

Fadina¹,

Daodu²,

Fayinminnu³

et al. 2021

JAS

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Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp) is one of the major stale plant protein food crops in Nigeria, but constantly being attacked by insects especially during storage. This has been a major production constraint which usually necessitated the use of synthetic pesticides and chemicals, but comes with the problems of high pesticides residues. In cowpea, only few information or research has been made as regarding the level of pesticides residues, therefore the objective of this study was to identify the awareness level and organochlorine insecticides residue presence trendy to cowpea grains. This study was carried out using a multiple choice questionnaire, in which three markets in Ibadan were selected as the case study due to their population and patronisation. The multiple choice questionnaire was used in getting information as regarding the pesticide used, method of application, duration of storage after pesticide application and level of awareness on the possible side effects of pesticides. Thirty samples of cowpea were collected from the selected three markets for residue analysis which was determined in an analytical laboratory using standard procedures. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results showed that Fumigation, spraying and baiting were the mostly used method of application of pesticides and Aluminium phosphide, Betoxin and Quickphos were the mostly used pesticides during application. Higher percentage (56.67%) of the respondent store the food stuff for less than a month before exposing it to the market for sales, about 53.3% of the respondents shows their ignorance about the health hazard associated with pesticides. Organochlorine pesticide residues were detected in all the samples of cowpea grains examined with highest mean concentration of Endosulfan (0.7500 mg/kg 0.3508).

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Compliance of agrochemical marketers with banned cocoa pesticides in southwest Nigeria

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Using the Socio-Ecological Model to Frame the Influence of Stakeholders on Cocoa Farmers’ Pesticide Safety in Nigeria: Findings from a Qualitative Study

Using the Socio-Ecological Model to Frame the Influence of Stakeholders on Cocoa Farmers’ Pesticide Safety in Nigeria: Findings from a Qualitative Study

Determination of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Dried Cocoa

Determination of Organochlorine Residues in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. WALP) From Selected Markets in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

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