Compliance to spectacle use in children with refractive errors- a systematic review and meta-analysis

Dhirar, Nonita; Dudeja, Sankalp; Duggal, Mona; Gupta, Parul Chawla; Jaiswal, Nishant; Singh, Meenu; Ram, Jagat

doi:10.1186/s12886-020-01345-9

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, this methodology is not designed to assess spectacle compliance, which is likely to be heavily impacted by adaptation that occurs during extended wear. Although prior studies have indicated that spectacle wear compliance rates can be as low as 40%, 15 which infers that as many as 60% of dispensed spectacles remain unworn, this study may provide evidence on the proportion of spectacles that are likely to be unsuitable for population needs. These insights can be used to stimulate action and provide refractive error services according to population needs—resulting in higher rates of spectacle wear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Quality of refractive error care (Q.REC) in Cambodia, Malaysia and Pakistan: protocol for a cross-sectional unannounced standardised patient study

et al. 2022

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IntroductionThere are 161 million people living with vision impairment, due to uncorrected refractive errors. A further 510 million people are living with near-vision impairment. There is a need for clearly defined indicators that capture the quality of refractive error service outputs and outcomes and provide insights to shape, change and stimulate action. This study aims to evaluate the quality of refractive error care (Q.REC) in Cambodia, Malaysia and Pakistan, by using unannounced standardised patients (USPs) to identify the proportion of prescribed and dispensed spectacles appropriate for people’s refractive error needs and pinpoint/detail opportunities for quality improvement.Method and analysisA cross-sectional Q.REC study will be conducted in randomly selected optical services in Cambodia (180 services, 900 USP visits), the Klang Valley in Malaysia (66 services, 198 USP visits) and in Jhang, Sahiwal and Khanewal districts of Punjab region/state in Pakistan (64 services, 256 USP visits). USPs will receive baseline refractions by three skilled study optometrists/refractionists trained in the Q.REC protocol. USPs will then visit individual optical services, undergo a refraction, purchase spectacles or lenses (if recommended) and record observations about which elements of a refraction and dispensing were conducted. The study optometrist/refractionist will assess each pair of dispensed spectacles by examining the USP’s aided visual acuity and visual comfort at distance and/or near and compare the lens prescription to the averaged baseline refraction.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the University of New South Wales Human Research Ethics Committee (HC210102), the National Ethics Committee for Health Research in Cambodia (043 NECHR), National Medical Research Registry and the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (NMRR-21-689-59279) in Malaysia and the College of Ophthalmology & Allied Vision Sciences Ethical Review Board (COAVS 545/2021) in Pakistan. Written informed consent will be obtained from USPs. Service owners will have the opportunity to opt-out verbally or in writing. Results will be disseminated locally through workshops including the relevant local ministry of health personnel and stakeholders, published in peer-reviewed publications and presented at national and international conferences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Quality of refractive error care (Q.REC) in Cambodia, Malaysia and Pakistan: protocol for a cross-sectional unannounced standardised patient study

et al. 2022

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“…The studies were assessed for the methodological quality based on the tool developed by Wong et al also used in a few other studies. 7 8 The checklist quality assessment tool for systematic reviews of observational studies (QATSO) ( Supplementary Table S1 ) was used to assess the quality of searched articles by two independent investigators (PC and SS). The tool consists of 6 items that assess components in observation studies and whenever the information provided was not enough to assist in making judgement for a certain item, we agreed to grade that item with a “0” meaning high risk of bias.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Soil-Transmitted Helminthic Infections in the Pediatric Population in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) is a major healthcare challenge in the pediatric age group affecting poor and deprived parts of our community. The main species that infect people are roundworm (AL, Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworm (TT, Trichuris trichiura), and hookworms (HW, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus). We aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of STH infections in India in the pediatric age group (< 18 years) and assess the risk factors associated with STH in this age group. Three databases were searched (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) up to February 16, 2021 with deliberate and inclusive search terms for original research articles estimating the prevalence of either of the three STH in India. Data extracted included individual prevalence of the three STH, prevalence of double or triple infections, and associated risk factors.We identified systematically 1,408 publications, of which 44 were included for the final analysis, including studies from 20 states covering 34,590 children. In our study, the prevalence of AL ranged from 0.8 to 91% with a pooled prevalence of 25%, prevalence of TT ranged from 0.3 to 72% with a pooled prevalence of 13%, and for HW prevalence ranged from 0.2 to 80% with pooled prevalence of 10%. Two most important risk factors with higher odds ratio were open defecation practices or open latrine (odds ratio: 5.2) and washing hands without soap using water only (odds ratio: 2.49). Knowledge of areas with high prevalence of STH and associated risk factors would help in designing effective control strategies in the high-risk groups to prevent infection and aid in a drastic reduction of morbidity in children.

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“…In our case, many students, parents, and teachers have a misunderstanding of the importance (and safeness) of wearing eyeglasses (when children have vision problems), which may lead to partial compliance [ 13 ]. Partial compliance is commonly found in eyeglass promotion programs [ 25 , 26 ]. To test this, researchers have used an instrumental variable approach to estimate the LATE version of the impact.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Eyeglasses on Student Academic Performance: What Matters? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in China

Wang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Although eyeglasses have been considered a cost-effective way to combat myopia, the empirical evidence of its impacts on improving learning outcomes is inconsistent. This paper provides empirical evidence examining the effect of providing eyeglasses on academic performance between provinces with a different economic level in western China. Overall, we find a significant impact in Intention-to-Treat analysis and a large and significant local average treatment effect of providing free eyeglasses to students in the poor province but not in the other. The difference in impact between the two provinces is not a matter of experimental design, implementation, or partial compliance. Instead, we find that the lack of impact in the wealthier provinces is mainly due to less blackboard usage in class and wealthier households. Our study found that providing free eyeglasses to disadvantaged groups boosted their academic performance more than to their counterparts.

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Compliance to spectacle use in children with refractive errors- a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 31 publications

References 30 publications

Quality of refractive error care (Q.REC) in Cambodia, Malaysia and Pakistan: protocol for a cross-sectional unannounced standardised patient study

Quality of refractive error care (Q.REC) in Cambodia, Malaysia and Pakistan: protocol for a cross-sectional unannounced standardised patient study

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Soil-Transmitted Helminthic Infections in the Pediatric Population in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Effect of Eyeglasses on Student Academic Performance: What Matters? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in China

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