Compliance with Covid-19 measures: evidence from New Zealand

Kaine, Geoff; Greenhalgh, Suzie; Wright, Vic

doi:10.1101/2021.04.08.21255157

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In prior studies [8][9][10][11] we investigated behavioural intentions, and actual behaviour, with respect to measures advocated by government to suppress or eliminate COVID-19 in New Zealand. The central rationale for the I 3 model we use (see Section 3.1 below) is that scarce cognitive attention is allocated variously to novel actions according to the felt relevance of those actions to the needs of the individual.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Building on previous research [8][9][10][11], we draw on the social psychological concepts of involvement and attitudes in this paper to predict the willingness of the public in several regions across New Zealand to prevent the spread of COVID-19 by wearing face masks, selfisolating when unwell, and getting tested for COVID-19. We then investigate differences across the regions in the extent to which intentions to wear face masks translated into mask wearing behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motivation, Intention and Action: Wearing Masks to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19

Kaine

Wright

Greenhalgh

2022

COVID

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Governments are seeking to slow the spread of COVID-19 by implementing measures that encourage, or mandate, changes in people’s behaviour such as the wearing of face masks. The success of these measures depends on the willingness of individuals to change their behaviour and their commitment and capacity to translate that intention into actions. Understanding and predicting both the willingness of individuals to change their behaviour and their enthusiasm to act on that willingness are needed to assess the likely effectiveness of these measures in slowing the spread of the virus. We analysed responses to two different regional surveys about people’s intentions and behaviour with respect to preventing the spread of COVID-19 in New Zealand. While motivations and intentions were largely similar across the regions, there were surprisingly large differences across the regions regarding the frequency of wearing face masks. These regional differences were not associated with regional differences in demographics (or in Alert levels) but were associated with regional differences in the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19. The results highlight the importance to policy design of distinguishing the factors that might influence the formation of behavioural intentions from those that might influence the implementation of those intentions.

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivation, Intention and Action: Wearing Masks to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19

Kaine

Wright

Greenhalgh

2022

COVID

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“…However, in the years since this previous research was conducted awareness of the potential impacts of climate change has grown which may affect the value proposition of methane mitigation technologies. More recently a technical report for the Waikato Regional Council (Kaine & Wright, 2016) highlighted that the complexity of a technology affects the willingness of dairy farmers to adopt or replace that technology. Which is to say, the more complex a technology is to implement or replace, the longer it will take for that technology to be adopted and the greater the risk it will be opposed.…”

Section: The Research Question and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating Ruminant Methane: Exploring the Commercialisation of Technologies for Reducing Livestock Methane Emissions

Easter¹

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<p>Climate change is a global issue requiring unified action. Methane gas is a major component of greenhouse gas emissions contributing to global warming. This project is exploring the commercial potential of Pastoral Greenhouse Gas Research Consortium (PGgRc) developed technologies designed to mitigate the largest source of agricultural methane emissions. These technologies are methane vaccines and inhibitors targeting emissions from enteric fermentation in ruminant livestock. The two technologies share functional aspects but require different administration and upkeep. As novel technologies designed for a developing market the commercial potential of PGgRc’s methane vaccines and inhibitors is uncertain. To validate the potential methane mitigation products this project focuses on farmer adoption and interaction with the technologies. Interviews with farmers around New Zealand have been used to identify the strengths and weaknesses of methane vaccines and inhibitors from the perspective of the end user. A thematic analysis of the transcribed data highlighted various concerns among the participating farmers and provides a map of areas needing further investigation when moving forward with developing the technologies. Of key importance was the value methane vaccines and inhibitors offered the participants. Currently, methane mitigation offers no financial benefits to participants and good feelings about acting against climate change are not substantial enough to mitigate purchase and administration costs. There is potential that using PGgRc’s methane vaccines and inhibitors could improve livestock productivity, but it is yet to be verified based on current testing and development. Establishing that using the technologies leads to increased live weight gain or milk and wool production could provide profitability benefits that farmers would value. This hinges on any benefits providing substantial enough gains to the farmer to offset the purchase and administration costs. If no productivity benefits are identified government regulations creating a methane cost or subsidising the technologies could be necessary for methane vaccines and inhibitors to have value within the agricultural sector. Alternatively, if consumer purchasing behaviour shifts in favour of low emissions products the agricultural sector will need to shift production methods to remain competitive in the new market environment. PGgRc aims to employ a licensing business model using the methane vaccine and inhibitor IP they possess. Partnering with an experienced company would provide PGgRc with the market knowledge and manufacturing capabilities producing their technologies requires. As part of their development strategy they aim to develop their technology to a proof of concept stage before forming any production partnerships. This project highlights the critical factors for successfully commercialising PGgRc’s technologies. It is designed to guide the continued development of the methane mitigation technologies and help shape PGgRc’s market approach.</p>

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Analysing COVID-19 outcomes in the context of the 2019 Global Health Security (GHS) Index

Paterra

Isaac

et al. 2021

BMJ Glob Health

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IntroductionThe Global Health Security Index benchmarks countries’ capacities to carry out the functions necessary to prevent, detect and respond to biological threats. The COVID-19 pandemic served as an opportunity to evaluate whether the Index contained the correct array of variables that influence countries’ abilities to respond to these threats; assess additional variables that may influence preparedness; and examine how the impact of preparedness components change during public health crises.MethodsLinear regression models were examined to determine the relationship between excess mortality per capita for the first 500 days of countries’ COVID-19 pandemic and internal Index variables, as well as external variables including social cohesion; island status; perceived corruption; elderly population size; previous epidemic experience; stringency of non-pharmaceutical interventions; and social and political polarisation.ResultsCOVID-19 outcomes were significantly associated with sociodemographic, political and governance variables external to the 2019 Index: social cohesion, reduction in social polarisation and reduced perceptions of corruption were consistently correlated with reduced excess mortality throughout the pandemic. The association of other variables assessed by the Index, like epidemiological workforce robustness, changed over time. Fixed country features, including geographic connectedness, larger elderly population and lack of prior coronavirus outbreak experience were detrimental to COVID-19 outcomes. Finally, there was evidence that countries that lacked certain capacities were able to develop these over the course of the pandemic.ConclusionsAdditional sociodemographic, political and governance variables should be included in future indices to improve their ability to characterise preparedness. Fixed characteristics, while not directly addressable, are useful for establishing countries’ inherent risk profile and can motivate those at greater risk to invest in preparedness. Particular components of preparedness vary in their impact on outcomes over the course of the pandemic, which may inform resource direction during ongoing crises. Future research should seek to further characterise time-dependent impacts as additional COVID-19 outcome data become available.

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Compliance with Covid-19 measures: evidence from New Zealand

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

Motivation, Intention and Action: Wearing Masks to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19

Motivation, Intention and Action: Wearing Masks to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19

Mitigating Ruminant Methane: Exploring the Commercialisation of Technologies for Reducing Livestock Methane Emissions

Analysing COVID-19 outcomes in the context of the 2019 Global Health Security (GHS) Index

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