Compliance with federal and state legislation by indoor tanning facilities in San Diego

Culley, Carla A.; Mayer, Joni A.; Eckhardt, Laura; Busic, April J.; Eichenfield, Lawrence F.; Sallis, James F.; Quintana, Penelope J E; Woodruff, Susan I.

doi:10.1067/mjd.2001.110063

Cited by 66 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Studies [70][71][72][73] in Australia and the U.S. have shown that the tanning industry rarely complies with either voluntary industry codes or mandated governmental laws and regulations. One study 74 found that FDA-recommended tanning exposure times are exceeded by 95% of indoor tanners, calling into question general compliance with the FDA guidelines.…”

Section: Compliance and Enforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compliance may vary by state, perhaps because of enforcement, or by method surveyed (in person versus telephone). A study 78 of 54 tanning salons in San Diego found zero facilities that were in compliance with all relevant regulations and recommendations. The authors recommended instituting training requirements for tanning bed operators to increase compliance.…”

Section: Compliance and Enforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors recommended instituting training requirements for tanning bed operators to increase compliance. 78 A few studies have examined enforcement of indoor tanning laws and regulations in the U.S., and the evidence suggests that these controls are often not adequately enforced. For example, a 2008 study 79 examining the enforcement of licensing requirements for U.S. tanning salons in 28 cities found that routine annual inspections of tanning facilities were not conducted in 64% of the cities, and approximately half the cities gave citations to tanning facilities that violated the minor access laws.…”

Section: Compliance and Enforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preventing Skin Cancer Through Reduction of Indoor Tanning

Watson

Holman

Fox³

et al. 2013

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Exposure to ultraviolet radiation from indoor tanning devices (tanning beds, booths, and sun lamps) or from the sun contributes to the risk of skin cancer, including melanoma, which is the type of skin cancer responsible for most deaths. Indoor tanning is common among certain groups, especially among older adolescents and young adults, adolescent girls and young women, and non-Hispanic whites. Increased understanding of the health risks associated with indoor tanning has led to many efforts to reduce use. Most environmental and systems efforts in the U.S. (e.g., age limits or requiring parental consent/accompaniment) have occurred at the state level. At the national level, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Federal Trade Commission regulate indoor tanning devices and advertising, respectively.The current paper provides a brief review of (1) the evidence on indoor tanning as a risk factor for skin cancer; (2) factors that may influence use of indoor tanning devices at the population level; and (3) various environmental and systems options available for consideration when developing strategies to reduce indoor tanning. This information provides the context and background for the companion paper in this issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, which summarizes highlights from an informal expert meeting convened by the CDC in August 2012 to identify opportunities to prevent skin cancer by reducing use of indoor tanning devices.

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Section: Compliance and Enforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compliance and Enforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compliance and Enforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Preventing Skin Cancer Through Reduction of Indoor Tanning

Watson

Holman

Fox³

et al. 2013

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Rates of indoor tanning among minors in states with parental consent compared to states without parental consent are equivalent [20]. Further, two studies showed that among tanning salons studied in states with parental consent laws, many failed to comply with parental consent laws [29,30]. In one study of 200 salons in Minnesota and Massachusetts, 15-year-old girls posing as customers with no parental consent were sold a tanning visit at 81 % of the salons visited [29].…”

Section: Restrictive Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one study of 200 salons in Minnesota and Massachusetts, 15-year-old girls posing as customers with no parental consent were sold a tanning visit at 81 % of the salons visited [29]. In a second study of 54 tanning salons in California, 57 % of tanning salons answered "yes" when asked by a research confederate posing as a patron if her 15-year-old sister would be allowed to use tanning visits she purchased [30]. A possible reason for noncompliance may be that penalties for noncompliance to parental consent laws are often small or nonexistent [31].…”

Section: Restrictive Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%