Compliance with Post-exposure Prophylaxis following Animal Bites among Rural Population attending a Rabies Clinic in Delhi

Abstract

Introduction: Rabies, an acute and exceptionally lethal viral disease affecting the central nervous system, is attributed to Lyssavirus type 1. In the battle against rabies, vaccination stands as the cornerstone strategy, bearing significant importance in preventing and controlling the disease. However, the persistent challenge of ensuring full compliance with vaccination completion warrants immediate attention.Objective: To find out compliance with post-exposure prophylaxis following animal bites among the rural population in Delhi.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at an antirabies clinic situated in a rural area of Delhi, India. The study population comprised patients who sought medical attention for animal bites between January 1, 2023 and February 28, 2023. Participants were identified from the clinic's patient registry, and subsequent telephonic interviews were conducted to gather data on complete vaccination. Results:The study enrolled 429 patients with animal bites, with males representing the majority (65.3%, n = 280). Compliance with the recommended vaccination regimen was concerning, as only 28.8% (95% CI: 24.6%-33.4%) of participants completed the full course, while 71.2% (95% CI: 66.6%-75.4%) did not comply. The category of bite was significantly associated with vaccination completion. Conclusion:The prevalence of complete vaccination completion following an animal bite was alarmingly low, with a substantial majority (71.2%) of the studied population failing to adhere to the prescribed dosage regimen. This highlights the urgent need to enhance awareness and promote adherence to Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) protocols. It necessitates intersectoral collaboration and the establishment of integrated reporting systems to address this critical concern.