Complicated Grief: An Evolving Theoretical Landscape

Crunk, A. Elizabeth; Burke, Laurie A.; Robinson, Edward H.

doi:10.1002/jcad.12134

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Cancer caregivers are vulnerable to PGD, with Guldin et al (2011) reporting rates of 40% at 6 months, 28% at 13 months, and 27% at 18 months post bereavement. There has been considerable debate in the literature associated with PGD, CG and persistent complex bereavement disorder terminology (American Psychiatric Association, 2013;Crunk, Burke, & Robinson, 2017;Maciejewski, Maercker, Boelen, & Prigerson, 2016). This manuscript will use PGD to reflect all three terms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term prevalence and predictors of prolonged grief disorder amongst bereaved cancer caregivers: A cohort study

et al. 2019

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ContextThe short-term impact of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) following bereavement is well documented. The longer term sequelae of PGD however are poorly understood, possibly unrecognized, and may be incorrectly attributed to other mental health disorders and hence undertreated.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to prospectively evaluate the prevalence of PGD three years post bereavement and to examine the predictors of long-term PGD in a population-based cohort of bereaved cancer caregivers.MethodsA cohort of primary family caregivers of patients admitted to one of three palliative care services in Melbourne, Australia, participated in the study (n = 301). Sociodemographic, mental health, and bereavement-related data were collected from the caregiver upon the patient's admission to palliative care (T1). Further data addressing circumstances around the death and psychological health were collected at six (T2, n = 167), 13 (T3, n = 143), and 37 months (T4, n = 85) after bereavement.ResultsAt T4, 5% and 14% of bereaved caregivers met criteria for PGD and subthreshold PGD, respectively. Applying the total PGD score at T4, linear regression analysis found preloss anticipatory grief measured at T1 and self-reported coping measured at T2 were highly statistically significant predictors (both p < 0.0001) of PGD in the longer term.ConclusionFor almost 20% of caregivers, the symptoms of PGD appear to persist at least three years post bereavement. These findings support the importance of screening caregivers upon the patient's admission to palliative care and at six months after bereavement to ascertain their current mental health. Ideally, caregivers at risk of developing PGD can be identified and treated before PGD becomes entrenched.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term prevalence and predictors of prolonged grief disorder amongst bereaved cancer caregivers: A cohort study

et al. 2019

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“…Therefore, the authors concluded that there is preliminary evidence for the helpfulness of CBT‐based interventions for bereaved persons, but studies on the relative efficacy of different cognitive‐behavioural change strategies, as well as other orientations, are still needed. As indicated in more recent review studies (Crunk, Burke, & Robinson, ; Shear, ), several randomized controlled trials have shown that a short‐term approach called complicated grief treatment is the treatment that has been most extensively studied so far (e.g., Boelen, de Keijser, van den Hout, & van den Bout, ; Bryant et al, ; Shear et al, ; Shear, Frank, Houck, & Reynolds, ). The treatment includes two main objectives: restoring effective functioning by generating enthusiasm and creating plans for the future and helping patients find a way to think about the death without having intense feelings of anger, guilt, or anxiety (Shear, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An adaptive virtual reality system for the treatment of adjustment disorder and complicated grief: 1‐year follow‐up efficacy data

Quero

Molés

Campos

et al. 2018

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Adjustment disorder (AD) and complicated grief (CG) are serious mental conditions that have a high prevalence and are associated with significant impairments in social and work functioning. Recently, these categories have been better specified in the new ICD‐11 proposal. Empirical research on the efficacy of treatments for these problems is scarce. This study aims to offer long‐term efficacy data from a between‐groups controlled study that compares two treatment conditions (AD‐protocol applied in a traditional way: N = 18 and the same protocol supported by virtual reality (VR); VR‐protocol applied in a traditional way: N = 18) and a waiting list (WL) control group (N = 18). Both treatment conditions resulted in statistically significant improvements on both primary and secondary outcome measures, with large effect sizes, and this improvement did not occur in the WL. These changes were maintained in both treatment conditions in the medium (6‐month) and long‐term (12‐month follow‐up). Larger effect sizes were achieved in the VR condition in the long term. Furthermore, clinically significant change estimations on the primary outcome measures showed an advantage for the VR condition This is the first controlled study to compare a traditional face‐to‐face protocol for the treatment of stress‐related disorders with the same protocol supported by VR and a WL control group.

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“…By normalizing her varied reactions and providing a safe space for Sophia to feel comfortable experiencing her emotions, a counselor would provide a conducive environment for emotional processing central to this second task. Additionally, because of some of Sophia's intensive symptoms, the counselor should screen for complicated or prolonged grief (Crunk et al, 2017) to determine how best to assist her in her grieving.…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Working With Non‐Death Losses in Counseling: An Overview of Grief Needs and Approaches

Smith

Delgado

2020

Adultspan Journal

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Complicated Grief: An Evolving Theoretical Landscape

Cited by 31 publications

References 68 publications

Long-term prevalence and predictors of prolonged grief disorder amongst bereaved cancer caregivers: A cohort study

Long-term prevalence and predictors of prolonged grief disorder amongst bereaved cancer caregivers: A cohort study

An adaptive virtual reality system for the treatment of adjustment disorder and complicated grief: 1‐year follow‐up efficacy data

Working With Non‐Death Losses in Counseling: An Overview of Grief Needs and Approaches

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