Complications and mortality associated with anesthesia in dogs and cats

Gaynor, James S.; Dunlop, Colin I.; Wagner, Ann E.; Wertz, E M; Golden, Anne E.; Demme, Wendy C.

doi:10.5326/15473317-35-1-13

Cited by 182 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In the current study population, hemodynamic changes during general anesthesia were common, as is reported widely in veterinary medicine (Table 1). 27, 28, 29 Episodes of bradycardia were recorded in 69.4% of dogs, recently reported to be a common finding in miniature Dachshunds, the most common breed in the current study 44. Our regression tree analysis highlighted a possible association between duration of bradycardia and OFS improvement in grade 3 or 4 dogs (Fig 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

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Associations Between Anesthetic Variables and Functional Outcome in Dogs With Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disk Extrusion Undergoing Decompressive Hemilaminectomy

Fenn

Laber

Williams

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundOutcome of acute experimental spinal cord injury is strongly associated with tissue perfusion and oxygenation. Cardiopulmonary depression could affect outcome in dogs undergoing general anesthesia for surgical treatment of thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion (IVDE).Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of general anesthesia on functional outcome in dogs undergoing surgery to treat thoracolumbar IVDE.AnimalsEighty‐four client‐owned dogs with acute thoracolumbar IVDE treated by decompressive hemilaminectomy.MethodsExploratory, retrospective observational study. Medical records were reviewed for clinical presentation and anesthetic monitoring variables, including duration of anesthesia and surgery, hypotension, bradycardia, temperature, and respiratory parameters. Multivariable regression tree analysis was performed to explore associations between anesthetic variables and functional outcome scores after 6 weeks, as well as return to ambulatory status.ResultsEpisodes of bradycardia (69%) and hypotension (57%) were frequent. Across all outcome measures, regression tree analysis highlighted functional grade at presentation as the primary determining factor, and among pain perception negative dogs, there was a possible association between increased duration of surgery and poorer outcome. In dogs with intact pain perception, duration of bradycardia, mean body temperature, and mean end‐tidal carbon dioxide were highlighted.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceExploratory statistical methods can facilitate hypothesis‐generating studies to inform prospective investigations in veterinary medicine. Although the mechanism is uncertain, increased duration of surgery might be associated with poorer outcome in pain perception negative dogs with thoracolumbar IVDE.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Hypotension secondary to reduced systemic vascular resistance or decreased cardiac output due to bradycardia occurs commonly under general anesthesia in dogs 27, 28, 29. As a result, it is possible that dogs undergoing surgical decompression to treat thoracolumbar IVDE could be exposed to hemodynamic changes that could affect functional recovery.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Anesthetic Variables and Functional Outcome in Dogs With Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disk Extrusion Undergoing Decompressive Hemilaminectomy

Fenn

Laber

Williams

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…The second notable difference, and arguably the most clinically relevant, was a lack of hypotension during OFA. Hypotension is one of the most common complications of anaesthesia (Gaynor et al 1999). Increase in blood pressure can be a sign of sympathetic response to surgical stimulation.…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Opioid-free anaesthesia in three dogs

White¹,

Mair²,

Martínez-Taboada³

2017

Open Vet J.

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Opioid-free anaesthesia (OFA) is a relatively new and growing field in human medicine. There are multiple motivations behind this emerging practice with the recognition of several serious potential opioid-related adverse effects including opioid induced hyperalgesia, opioid tolerance and immunomodulatory effects of opioids. Opioids have long been the mainstay of veterinary anaesthesia and pain management practice. The feasibility of OFA in veterinary patients is presented here. A case series of three dogs that underwent OFA for canine ovariohysterectomy is reported. The authors conclude OFA is possible in veterinary medicine; however the move away from the familiar effects of opioids perioperatively is challenging. Gaining experience with these types of protocols for standard procedures in healthy animals, such as neutering, will provide the anaesthetist with the building blocks for more invasive surgeries.

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“…Cats and dogs are frequently subjected to general anaesthesia for any type of surgical procedure (Gaynor et al, 1995). General anaesthesia is a state of unconsciousness and loss of protective reflexes resulting from the administration of one or more anaesthetic agents (Dewachter et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of different premedicants in canine anaesthesia

Billah

Sultana

Hossain

et al. 2017

Res. Agric. Livest. Fish.

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Fifteen experimental trials were made in fifteen dogs in three different groups to study the degree of sedation produced by different premedicants, to evaluate and to compare their effects on various clinical parameters including different reflexes in dogs. These animals were premedicated with xylazine (1.1mg/kg), atropine (0.05mg/kg)-xylazine (1.1mg/kg) and diazepam (0.2mg/kg)-xylazine (1.1mg/kg) to observe their effect on different clinical and anaesthetic parameters. Diazepam-xylazine combination produced deep sedation while mild sedation was recorded with atropine-xylazine premedication. Respiration rate, heart rate and rectal temperature significantly decreased (P<0.05) in dogs of all three groups after fifteen minutes of premedication. Diazepam-xylazine produced marked reduction (P<0.05) on clinical parameters while atropine-xylazine produced mild to moderate reduction (P<0.05) on clinical parameters in dogs. All experimental dogs in different groups were anaesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride after fifteen minutes of premedication. The respiration rate, heart rate and rectal temperature reduced significantly (P<0.05) in xylazine-ketamine, atropinexylazine- ketamine and diazepam-xylazine-ketamine combination at 5, 10 and 15 min after induction when compared with pre-induction control values. The longest duration of anaesthesia (61.6 minutes) was obtained with diazepam-xylazine-ketamine combination while the shortest anaesthetic period (28.4 minutes) was observed in xylazine-ketamine combination. Diazepam-xylazine-ketamine combination produced longest recovery period (56.4 minutes) while the shortest recovery period (46.2 minutes) was observed with xylazineketamine combination. Atropine-xylazine-ketamine combination appears to be a safe combination for anaesthesia in dogs.Res. Agric. Livest. Fish.4(3): 209-214, December 2017

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Complications and mortality associated with anesthesia in dogs and cats

Cited by 182 publications

References 4 publications

Associations Between Anesthetic Variables and Functional Outcome in Dogs With Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disk Extrusion Undergoing Decompressive Hemilaminectomy

Associations Between Anesthetic Variables and Functional Outcome in Dogs With Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disk Extrusion Undergoing Decompressive Hemilaminectomy

Opioid-free anaesthesia in three dogs

Evaluation of different premedicants in canine anaesthesia

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