Complications in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery. Review

Abstract

To days debates about most frequent complications after adolescent idiopathic surgery and its risk factors remains to persist. Taking into account rising possibilities of orthopaedic surgery departments worldwide to reduce AIS patients hospital length of stay, strong need in strict knowledge about types and frequency of abovementioned complications and its risk factors is emerging. This knowledge can help clinicians in prediction of complications development and can aid in better diagnostics and treatment. Two main groups of complications were described thoroughly in current review: non-neurologic and neurologic. Both frequently developing and rare complications were described including superior mesenteric artery syndrome and deep infections.
 There an obvious tendency of the rate of complications after AIS surgery to decline during last two decades from 5.7% in 20002003 to 4.95% in 2007 and to 0.98% in 2016. Despite that fact these complications still remain to be a big burden for clinicians. Major risk factors for its development include concomitant renal diseases, large intraoperative blood loss, substantial increase of anesthesia and surgery duration, stainless steel rods implementation combined or anterior only approach and refuse of intraoperative neuromonitoring.