Complications in renal patients during hemodialysis sessions and nursing interventions

Abstract

Objective: To summarize the knowledge produced in the scientific literature of the main clinical complications during hemodialysis and describe nursing interventions according to the NIC. Method: an integrative literature review. For selection of four databases SCOPUS, CINAHL, PUBMED and LILACS were consulted, which included five articles. Studies fitted in the level 3 of scientific evidence, being an observational type. Results: the main clinical complications during hemodialysis sessions were: nausea, vomiting, cramps, itching, hypotension, hypertension and hypothermia. Nursing interventions were hydroelectrolytic monitoring, checking vital signs, administering medications and instructing the patient. Conclusion: the clinical complications are related to the rapid removal of fluid and accelerated electrolyte exchange during the hemodialysis session. Interventions raised showed the variety of possible behaviors before these complications

Prurido no paciente em hemodiálise: associação com ingestão de fósforo e nível sérico de cálcio

“…The accumulation of urea carries your concentration to blood levels, leading to toxic effects, responsible for the itching (15) . These toxins can disappear with the urêmicas under hemodialysis treatment, justifying the results found in the literature concerning urea pos-dialytic, in which 55 individuals, regularize their urêmicos levels, only 12 reported itching.…”

“…These toxins can disappear with the urêmicas under hemodialysis treatment, justifying the results found in the literature concerning urea pos-dialytic, in which 55 individuals, regularize their urêmicos levels, only 12 reported itching. However, the therapy does not always relieve the symptom, and may even intensify it (15) . In this context, of the 58 patients who still have tabled amendments urê-micas post-dialysis in this study, 44 complained of itching.…”

“…Patients with a diagnosis of renal dysfunction have characteristic elevation of serum creatinine, justified by the reduction or absence of glomerular filtration (15) . However, your relationship was not identified with the itching.…”

Ineffective Protection in Hemodialysis Patients: Sociodemographic and Clinical Context

“…HD sessions, however, are usually accompanied by nausea, vomiting, cramps, itching, hypotension, hypertension, and hypothermia (Costa et al., ). Furthermore, disease progression and HD lead to increased vulnerability because the occurrence of such events is often related to deficiency in the protection of some systems, such as the cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, musculoskeletal, immune, and endocrine‐metabolic systems (Bastos, Bregman, & Kirsztajn, ).…”

Nursing Care For Patients Experiencing Clinical Complications During Haemodialysis

“…When this loss occurs abruptly, acute renal injury occurs, resulting in urea retention in addition to other residual products, and in the dysregulation of extracellular volume and electrolytes [1].…”