“…9 The particular risks associated with EGD include bleeding, perforation, infection, cardiopulmonary adverse events, missed diagnosis, missed lesions, intravenous site adverse events, chest pain, sore throat, aspiration, and reaction to local anesthetic spray. [10][11][12] As a quality indicator, informed consent is a process measure based on expert opinion and supported by principles of biomedical ethics. A clinical study that correlates the presence or absence of informed consent with clinical outcomes has not been, and is not likely to be, performed.…”