Complications of neurotoxins used in cosmetic surgery

Abstract

Botulinum toxin type A injectables have been increasingly used for over 20 years in cosmetic surgery and medicinal purposes. The uses in cosmetic and dermatologic surgery have increased in numbers treated per year and areas of the body treated as well. However, with expanded use in the field of cosmetic surgery, various complications may arise depending on the anatomy, dilution, patient factors, and skills of the injector. This article discusses the complications of botulinum neurotoxins used in cosmetic surgery.