Component-Based Microservices for Flexible and Scalable Automation of Industrial Bioprocesses

Ibarra-Junquera, Vrani; González, Apolinar; Paredes, Carlos M.; Martínez-Castro, Diego; Nunez-Vizcaino, Rubi A.

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3072040

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In this research, the detection of the affected microservice is performed. The validation of this process was presented in previous works [66,67].…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…To facilitate rapid and adaptable system reconfiguration, components must allow for online addition or removal without compromising robustness. Hence, a component-based microservice framework was proposed in [66]. It orchestrates interconnected components to support robustness, interoperability, and flexibility in Industry 4.0 applications.…”

Section: Architecture Of the Nodes Comprising The Cyber-physical Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design Procedure for Real-Time Cyber–Physical Systems Tolerant to Cyberattacks

Paredes,

Martínez Castro,

González Potes

et al. 2024

Symmetry

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Modern industrial automation supported by Cyber–Physical Systems (CPSs) requires high flexibility, which is achieved through increased interconnection between modules. This interconnection introduces a layer of symmetry into the design and operation of CPSs, balancing the distribution of tasks and resources across the system and streamlining the flow of information. However, this adaptability also exposes control systems to security threats, particularly through novel communication links that are vulnerable to cyberattacks. Traditional strategies may have limitations in these applications. This research proposes a design approach for control applications supported by CPSs that incorporates cyberattack detection and tolerance strategies. Using a modular and adaptive approach, the system is partitioned into microservices for scalability and resilience, allowing structural symmetry to be maintained. Schedulability assessments ensure that critical timing constraints are met, improving overall system symmetry and performance. Advanced cyberattack detection and isolation systems generate alarms and facilitate rapid response with replicas of affected components. These replicas enable the system to recover from and tolerate cyberattacks, maintaining uninterrupted operation and preserving the balanced structure of the system. In conclusion, the proposed approach addresses the security challenges in CPS-based control applications and provides an integrated and robust approach to protect industrial automation systems from cyber threats. A case study conducted at a juice production facility in Colima, México, demonstrated how the architecture can be applied to complex processes such as pH control, from simulation to industrial implementation. The study highlighted a plug-and-play approach, starting with component definitions and relationships, and extending to technology integration, thereby reinforcing symmetry and efficiency within the system.

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“…In this research, the detection of the affected microservice is performed. The validation of this process was presented in previous works [66,67].…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Architecture Of the Nodes Comprising The Cyber-physical Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Procedure for Real-Time Cyber–Physical Systems Tolerant to Cyberattacks

Paredes,

Martínez Castro,

González Potes

et al. 2024

Symmetry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Container-based Edge-Fog-Cloud systems have been investigated in several works (e.g., [22], [23], [24], [25]). The experimental findings demonstrate that the Edge-Cloud computing continuum and container-based virtualization, when combined together, improve scalability, resource usage, and performance.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Kubernetes Orchestration of Mixed-Criticality Software for Autonomous Mobile Robots

Lumpp,

Fummi,

Patel

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Robot.

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Containerization and orchestration have become two key requirements in software development best practices. Containerization allows for better resource utilization, platform-independent development, and secure deployment of software. Orchestration automates the deployment, networking, scaling, and availability of containerized workloads and services. While containerization is increasingly being adopted in the robotic community, the use of task orchestration platforms (e.g., Kubernetes) is still an open challenge. The biggest limitation is due to the fact that state-of-the-art orchestrators do not support real-time containers, while advanced robotic software often consists of a mix of heterogeneous tasks (i.e., ROS nodes) with different levels of temporal constraints (i.e., mixed-criticality systems). This work addresses this challenge by presenting RT-Kube, a platform that extends the de-facto reference standard for container orchestration, Kubernetes, to schedule tasks with mixed-criticality requirements. It implements monitoring of tasks and detects missed deadlines for those with real-time constraints. It selects low-priority tasks to be migrated at runtime to different units of the computing cluster to free resources and recover from temporal violations. We present quantitative experimental results on the software implementing the mission of a Robotnik RB-Kairos mobile robot to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The source code is publicly available on GitHub.

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“…2 It is characterized by the digital representation and management of all involved industrial processes, with the goal to increase flexibility and evolvability. 3 From a SE perspective, microservices and DevOps have similar objectives regarding these qualities. 4 Even though both originated in the context of enterprise applications and are seen as the de facto standard for modern cloud-based software systems, they are also regarded as promising approaches for the IoT and CPS domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ongoing digital transformation of the industrial sector with a focus on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies is also referred to as “Industry 4.0.” 1 In this context, industrial software engineering (SE), that is, the systematic development of high‐quality cyber‐physical systems (CPS), becomes more important than ever 2 . It is characterized by the digital representation and management of all involved industrial processes, with the goal to increase flexibility and evolvability 3 . From a SE perspective, microservices and DevOps have similar objectives regarding these qualities 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adopting microservices and DevOps in the cyber‐physical systems domain: A rapid review and case study

et al. 2022

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The domain of cyber‐physical systems (CPS) has recently seen strong growth, for example, due to the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) in industrial domains, commonly referred to as “Industry 4.0.” However, CPS challenges like the strong hardware focus can impact modern software development practices, especially in the context of modernizing legacy systems. While microservices and DevOps have been widely studied for enterprise applications, there is insufficient coverage for the CPS domain. Our goal is therefore to analyze the peculiarities of such systems regarding challenges and practices for using and migrating towards microservices and DevOps. We conducted a rapid review based on 146 scientific papers, and subsequently validated our findings in an interview‐based case study with nine CPS professionals in different business units at Siemens AG. The combined results picture the specifics of microservices and DevOps in the CPS domain. While several differences were revealed that may require adapted methods, many challenges and practices are shared with typical enterprise applications. Our study supports CPS researchers and practitioners with a summary of challenges, practices to address them, and research opportunities.

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Component-Based Microservices for Flexible and Scalable Automation of Industrial Bioprocesses

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Design Procedure for Real-Time Cyber–Physical Systems Tolerant to Cyberattacks

Design Procedure for Real-Time Cyber–Physical Systems Tolerant to Cyberattacks

Enabling Kubernetes Orchestration of Mixed-Criticality Software for Autonomous Mobile Robots

Adopting microservices and DevOps in the cyber‐physical systems domain: A rapid review and case study

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