Component interactions after long-term operation of an SOFC stack with LSM cathode

Malzbender, Jürgen; Batfalsky, Peter; Vaßen, Robert; Shemet, V.; Tietz, Frank

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.10.117

Cited by 114 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Currently, a widely applied strategy to avoid this degradation mechanism is the application of chromium evaporation barrier layers. These often are applied by APS and made of conductive oxides such as La-Sr-Mn perovskites or Mn-Co-Fe spinels (Ref 337,338). In another type of SOFC stack design, dense, electrically insulating coatings (e.g., of MgO-MgAl 2 O 4 ) are sprayed either by APS or HVOF to create hermetically sealed electrical isolations between the interconnects (Ref 339).…”

Section: Windmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2016 Thermal Spray Roadmap

et al. 2016

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Considerable progress has been made over the last decades in thermal spray technologies, practices and applications. However, like other technologies, they have to continuously evolve to meet new problems and market requirements. This article aims to identify the current challenges limiting the evolution of these technologies and to propose research directions and priorities to meet these challenges. It was prepared on the basis of a collection of short articles written by experts in thermal spray who were asked to present a snapshot of the current state of their specific field, give their views on current challenges faced by the field and provide some guidance as to the R&D required to meet these challenges. The article is divided in three sections that deal with the emerging thermal spray processes, coating properties and function, and biomedical, electronic, aerospace and energy generation applications.

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Section: Windmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2016 Thermal Spray Roadmap

et al. 2016

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“…[13][14][15][16] However, even with the most effective protective coatings Cr cannot be completely prevented from entering the gas phase and finally reacting with the cathode material. Uncoated balance-of-plant components are an almost unavoidable source of volatile Cr species under SOFC operating conditions.…”

Section: -4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the Reaction Mechanism of (La_0.58Sr_0.40)(Co_0.20Fe_0.80)O_3-δCathode with Volatile Chromium Species at High Current Density in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack

Beez

Yin

Menzler

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells with different Cr protection layers on the metallic interconnect were operated in a short stack at 700 • C for 1240 h. The current density was raised sequentially from 0.5 A cm −2 during the first 240 h of operation to 0.75 A cm −2 for a further 1000 h. After operation, the (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O 3-δ (LSCF) cathode layers were analyzed with respect to Cr interaction by both wet chemical and microstructural methods. For cells equipped with interconnects coated with a dense APS protection layer, the amount of Cr on the cathode was in the range of a few μg. For cells with a porous WPS coating on the interconnect, the amount of Cr was in the range of 110-160 μg cm −2 and Cr-containing phases were detected by SEM analysis both on top of the cathode layer and also at the LSCF/GDC interface, which has rarely been observed before. In addition, a deterioration of the cathode microstructure near the LSCF/GDC interface was observed. With respect to the high current density during operation, a theory was developed which explains both the Cr deposition at the LSCF/GDC interface and also the deterioration of the cathode. Climate change, limitation of resources, technical and political obstacles associated with nuclear power and changes in the global energy economy are only a few reasons why the world needs alternative concepts for its future energy supply. One key technology offering decentralized energy supply is solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC).1 Their high efficiency; fuel flexibility and scalability allows them to be used as decentralized power plants or, on a smaller scale, in auxiliary power units or range extenders in mobile applications. 2-4During the development and optimization of SOFC stacks and systems, attention was not only focused on performance but also on the application of cost-efficient materials. One major improvement was the establishment of metallic interconnects, offering high electronic and thermal conductivity and mechanical stability while also decreasing the price per repeating unit compared to full ceramic stack designs.5 However, the preferentially used Cr-containing steels lead to pronounced performance degradation due to the evaporation of Cr compounds, which then react with the cathode. Under the oxidizing conditions on the cathode side, hexavalent Cr species such as CrO 3 and CrO 2 (OH) 2 evaporate from the oxide scale of the interconnect or balance-of-plant components and react with the LSCF cathode material to form a Sr-and Cr-containing oxide scale thereby decreasing cell performance. 3,6,7 This effect is known to be influenced by parameters such as Cr partial pressure, air humidity and temperature. [8][9][10] To avoid this Cr-related degradation, different strategies have been developed to either reduce the Cr partial pressure to an acceptable level for the desired operating time or to increase the Cr tolerance of the cathode material itself. The most promising technique for avoiding Cr poisoning is to coat the interconnect steel with a preferentially dense pro...

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“…LSM is also the most utilized and studied cathode material because it has been proven to show superior long-term stability [26,27]. However, LSM is normally applied only above 700 o C, since it is almost a pure electronic conductor and only shows a good electrochemical activity towards oxygen reduction reaction at high temperatures [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructuring the electronic conducting La0.8Sr0.2MnO3−δ cathode for high-performance in proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells below 600°C

Da’as

Boulfrad

et al. 2017

Sci. China Mater.

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Component interactions after long-term operation of an SOFC stack with LSM cathode

Cited by 114 publications

References 25 publications

The 2016 Thermal Spray Roadmap

The 2016 Thermal Spray Roadmap

Insight into the Reaction Mechanism of (La_0.58Sr_0.40)(Co_0.20Fe_0.80)O_3-δCathode with Volatile Chromium Species at High Current Density in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack

Nanostructuring the electronic conducting La0.8Sr0.2MnO3−δ cathode for high-performance in proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells below 600°C

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Component interactions after long-term operation of an SOFC stack with LSM cathode

Cited by 114 publications

References 25 publications

The 2016 Thermal Spray Roadmap

The 2016 Thermal Spray Roadmap

Insight into the Reaction Mechanism of (La0.58Sr0.40)(Co0.20Fe0.80)O3-δCathode with Volatile Chromium Species at High Current Density in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack

Nanostructuring the electronic conducting La0.8Sr0.2MnO3−δ cathode for high-performance in proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells below 600°C

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Insight into the Reaction Mechanism of (La_0.58Sr_0.40)(Co_0.20Fe_0.80)O_3-δCathode with Volatile Chromium Species at High Current Density in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack