Component-level embodied carbon database for landscape hard works in Taiwan

Lin, Hsien-Te; Lin, Yi-Jiung

doi:10.1007/s10668-021-01640-5

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It is noted by this research that more recent attention on carbon by landscape professionals has highlighted the challenges associated with calculating carbon levels in landscape designs. Lin and Lin [35] explain that although embodied carbon research in construction is growing, it is still at an initial stage for the landscape profession. Existing literature on construction, also discusses embodied (EC) and operational (OC) carbon, but there is very limited information on how such terms connect to the landscape [36][37][38] and in most cases they are limited to construction materials [39].…”

Section: Landscape Complexity and Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite such warnings, most professional regulations relating to carbon in the urban environment come from the construction or building industries [17,27,41], with a notable lack of policy pertaining to landscape [23,[42][43][44]. Lin and Lin make it clear that "there are currently no international calculation guidelines for carbon footprint exclusive to landscape, [and therefore] it is reasonable to assume that any landscaping LCA should follow EN15978" [35]. However, EN15978 consists of guidelines for EC calculations specific to the construction industry and therefore raises important questions about how much landscape architecture professionals have to compromise before landscape-specific regulations arise.…”

Section: Policy and Regulation Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, EN15978 consists of guidelines for EC calculations specific to the construction industry and therefore raises important questions about how much landscape architecture professionals have to compromise before landscape-specific regulations arise. Compounding this issue, landscape architects rely on 'Product, Construction Process, Use and End of Life' [35], regulations for life cycle assessment (LCA) based on ISO 14040 (1997) [45] and embodied carbon (EC) EN15978 [46] (replacing ISO 21931 (2010) [47]), all of which are designed for the construction industry, and miss key areas of landscape design and spatial planning.…”

Section: Policy and Regulation Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Complex Case of Carbon-Measuring Tools in Landscape Architecture

Nikologianni

Albans

2023

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As the world takes a more strategic approach to the climate crisis, carbon in its various forms has become a key factor in ascertaining the sustainability of the landscape. Landscape has been recognised as a resource and mechanism for addressing the role of carbon in the environment, with literature focused on the landscape’s carbon capacity as interconnected systems of land, soil, water and organic life. It has, however, largely neglected the crucial role of the cultural, social and historical aspects of the landscape, particularly at the level of design. This paper acknowledges and explores the complexity of landscape as a natural-cultural system with the consequent difficulties this poses in legislating, calculating and measuring carbon for global, national and local targets for low/zero carbon and carbon offsetting. The discussion takes place in the arena of landscape architecture at regional/city/local scales and the life-cycle of a project including its integration into its wider social, cultural and environmental setting. This paper develops the discourse in three major areas: first, by examining how the complexity of landscape is obscured in the context of carbon-measuring tools used in landscape architecture; secondly exploring one such tool in practice to demonstrate how site-specific design decisions can impact carbon levels; and third by proposing how an integrated understanding of landscape can be built into projects to embrace complexity and operationalise low carbon visions.

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Section: Landscape Complexity and Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Policy and Regulation Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Policy and Regulation Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Complex Case of Carbon-Measuring Tools in Landscape Architecture

Nikologianni

Albans

2023

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“…For example, Chiu et al (2021) conducted a framework for the carbon footprint of ecological restoration project in California. For landscaping hard work, Lin and Lin (2022) established an embodied carbon database in Taiwan based on the LCA concept. Sparrevik et al (2011) evaluate the environmental footprint of contaminated sediment remediation in the Greenland Fjord in Norway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ecological restoration projects on carbon footprint in a grassland ecosystem on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau

Yu,

Liu,

Wang

et al. 2023

Land Degrad Dev

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Investigating the cost‐effective and low‐carbon pathways for grassland ecological restoration projects is vital to achieving carbon neutrality and Sustainable Development Goals. To fill the gap of incorporating ecological and socioeconomic systems of ecological restoration projects, this study established a cost‐benefit evaluation framework that integrated the carbon footprint based on life cycle assessment and a carbon price measurement model based on the Slack‐Based Measure‐Data Envelopment Analysis model. Taking a ‘Returning Grazing Land to Grassland Project’ on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau as a case, this study quantified the carbon footprint of three different ecological measurements, including fences construction (released 107 kgCO2‐eq·hm−2 and absorbed 322 kgCO2‐eq·hm−2), degenerated grassland improvement (released 1080 kgCO2‐eq·hm−2 and absorbed 580 kgCO2‐eq·hm−2) and artificial grassland planting (released 2540 kgCO2‐eq·hm−2 and absorbed 6540 kgCO2‐eq·hm−2). Raw material production was the largest emitter. In addition, we calculated the carbon price in the grassland ecosystem by the carbon price measurement model, at 1.06 yuan·kgCO2‐eq−1 on average during 2011–2018. In the cost‐benefit analysis, the total carbon sequestration benefits (8.90 × 106 yuan) outweighed the total carbon emission costs (4.26 × 106 yuan). Optimizing the usage and transportation of building materials and the application of fertilizer can benefit carbon emission mitigation and enhancement of carbon sequestration capacity in grassland. This study provided a theoretical basis for ecological restoration projects and grassland carbon pricing mechanisms aiming for sustainable management.

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A Review of Embodied Carbon in Landscape Architecture. Practice and Policy

Nikologianni

Plowman

Brown

2022

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This paper aims to discuss the importance of the climate crisis and embodied carbon in the landscape architecture sector. The study was carried out in a multiprofessional team with the collaboration of the Landscape Institute (LI) Chartered Body of Landscape Architecture, UK, and experts in the field. Using the expertise and knowledge of professionals as well as existing landscape examples and pioneering tools on carbon, this review paper focuses on the importance of low/net-zero carbon landscapes for our cities and regions and the ways in which these can contribute to the broader health and wellbeing of our communities. Examining the current situation on carbon methodologies and the latest knowledge on carbon calculations through a landscape lens, the paper explores why embodied carbon is important for open spaces/landscapes and the necessary policies to support a more efficient implementation of these concepts. The intensity of recent environmental challenges demands action. This review highlights the need for holistic approaches that integrate embodied carbon calculations on large-scale landscape design. Using the innovative example of the Pathfinder App, a carbon calculation tool, as well as other similar software, this paper argues that more steps are needed towards the calculation and adaptation of CO2 emissions resulting from design, construction and materials in landscape schemes. The low availability of carbon calculation tools, specially developed for landscape schemes, is a major concern for the profession as it creates several issues with the sustainable development of the landscape projects as well as fragmented policies that exclude spatial and open spaces. Even though carbon calculation and embodied carbon are being calculated in buildings or materials, it is a relatively new area when it comes to land, the landscape and open and green space, and therefore, this study will present and discuss some of the pioneering carbon calculation tools focusing on landscape projects.

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Component-level embodied carbon database for landscape hard works in Taiwan

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

The Complex Case of Carbon-Measuring Tools in Landscape Architecture

The Complex Case of Carbon-Measuring Tools in Landscape Architecture

Effect of ecological restoration projects on carbon footprint in a grassland ecosystem on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau

A Review of Embodied Carbon in Landscape Architecture. Practice and Policy

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