Components of Regulation of a Population of Dandelions in Michigan

Solbrig, Otto T.; Simpson, Beryl B.

doi:10.2307/2258993

Cited by 207 publications

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“…A total of 47 clones were identified in this analysis, more than in any other plant species studied except for Oenothera laciniata (table 2) In light of this relatively high genetic diversity, it is useful to compare these results to a more restricted study with T officinale that involves three populations in different microhabitats (Soibrig and Simpson, 1974), which involved the same number of allozyme markers as this study. The populations in this genecological study were separated by a distance of less than 500 m, which allowed for intersite seed flow (Sheldon and Burrows, 1973), NUMBER OF POPULATIONS (p but had undergone radically different disturbance regimes (Solbrig and Simpson, 1974). The genotypes per individual values in our investigation are nearly an order of magnitude larger than in the geographically restricted study, 0097 versus OO14, as shown by table 2.…”

Section: The Distribution Of Clones Over Populations Is L-shaped (Figmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…officinale. Adaptation to microhabitat may permit clonal coexistence (Vrijenhoek, 1978). The experimental studies of Solbrig and Simpson (1974) demonstrated that disturbance may determine genotype dominance in T. officinale. Field studies by Ford (1981) have shown that local co-existence of dandelion clones may be due to the existence of a range of "pre-adapted clones" that are maintained in proportions relating to the distribution of adequate microsites.…”

Section: The Distribution Of Clones Over Populations Is L-shaped (Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ideal test for this hypothesis is the examination of the population structure of an obligate apomict. The few plant studies of clonal diversity have tested only one or a few populations of a particular species (Harberd, 1961(Harberd, , 1967Solbrig and Simpson, 1974;Wu et a!., 1975;Hancock and Wilson, 1976;Steiner and Levin, 1977) or concentrated on interpopulational differences (Babcock and Stebbins, 1938;Gustafsson, 1946;Grant and Grant, 1956;Solbrig, 1971). The only within-and between-populational surveys of genetic diversity in clonal plants are for species which are not strictly asexual but have some rare opportunities for recombination (Levin and Crepet, 1973;Levin, 1975;Levin, 1980, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measurement of genetic diversity in asexual plant species can be accomplished with a variety of techniques. Solbrig and Simpson (1974), for example, used isozyme analysis to demonstrate that the three populations of Taraxacum officinale which they studied were multiclonal. Hancock and Wilson (1976) also found electrophoretically discernible clones in populations of Erigeron annuus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clonal diversity in taraxacum officinale (compositae), an apomict

Lyman

Ellstrand

1984

Heredity

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SUMMARYAllozyme analysis, morphological characters, and histocompatibility relationships have revealed unexpected amounts of clonal diversity within and among populations of unisexual animals. Plant studies, likewise, have shown that genetic diversity exists in populations of plants that have restricted recombination. However, no work has been done which investigates the extent of genotypic diversity within and among populations of an obligate apomict.This study surveyed 22 North American populations of Taraxacum officinale, an obligate gametophytic apomict. Over 20 individuals from each population were assayed electrophoretically for three enzyme systems representing five different migration zones. Seed colour was used to determine seven phenological classes that, when combined with the allozyme morphs, resulted in 47 discernible clones among 518 individuals sampled. Chromosome analysis revealed the ploidy level to be triploid in all cases. The number of clones per population ranged from 1-13, with a mean of 50. Sixty-six per cent of the clones were restricted to single populations, and the mean number of populations containing a particular clone is 21. One widespread clone was found in all but three of the populations. Diversity values, expressed as clones per individual, indicate that T officinale proved to be more genotypically diverse than other clonal plants previously studied. Spearman's Rank Correlation test failed to show a correlation of diversity with latitude or elevation.

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Section: The Distribution Of Clones Over Populations Is L-shaped (Figmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: The Distribution Of Clones Over Populations Is L-shaped (Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clonal diversity in taraxacum officinale (compositae), an apomict

Lyman

Ellstrand

1984

Heredity

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“…Under such a scenario, the male sterile lineages may have a higher production of seed heads, but may still not be able to outcompete the pollen producing lineages in their respective ecological niches. In dandelions, niche differentiation between two clonal lineages has been shown by Solbrig and Simpson (1974), who showed that one of the two clones was better at competition, while the other had a higher seed set and was therefore assumed to be better at colonisation. Meirmans (2005) found that although clonal lineages differed from each other in seed production, they did not differ in their habitat, measured by the vegetation growing around the individuals.…”

Section: Pg Meirmans Et Almentioning

confidence: 95%

Male sterility in triploid dandelions: asexual females vs asexual hermaphrodites

Meirmans

Nijs²,

Tienderen³

2005

Heredity

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Male reproductive output, pollen in plants and sperm in animals has been shown to constitute a substantial cost for many organisms. In parthenogenetic hermaphrodites, selection is therefore expected to reduce the allocation of resources to male reproductive output. However, sustained production of pollen or sperm has been observed in numerous asexual hermaphrodites. We studied the widespread production of pollen by triploid asexual dandelions, Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia, comparing rare male sterile individuals with pollen producing asexuals. We found that individuals can show plasticity in the production of pollen, but that it is nevertheless possible to distinguish between (facultatively) male sterile asexuals and male fertile asexuals. Based on evidence from genetic markers and crosses, we conclude that the male sterility in asexual dandelions is caused by nuclear genes, in contrast to the cytoplasmically inherited male sterility previously found in sexual dandelions. Male sterile lineages did not produce more seeds per flower head, heavier seeds or seeds that were more viable. However, male sterile plants did produce more seed heads and hence more seeds than pollen producing ones, indicating that they were able to reallocate resources toward seed production. Considering the difference in seed production, it remains puzzling that not more asexual dandelions are male sterile.

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2016

The Dictionary of Physical Geography, 4th Edition

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Components of Regulation of a Population of Dandelions in Michigan

Cited by 207 publications

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Clonal diversity in taraxacum officinale (compositae), an apomict

Clonal diversity in taraxacum officinale (compositae), an apomict

Male sterility in triploid dandelions: asexual females vs asexual hermaphrodites

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