Components of the Volatile Concentrate of Agarwood

Ishihara, Masakazu; Tsuneya, Tomoyuki; Uneyama, Kenji

doi:10.1080/10412905.1993.9698221

Cited by 62 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Previously, four compounds have been reported from agarwood, β-gurjunene (Ishihara and Tsuneya 1993a ;Wetwitayaklung et al 2009 ), γ-selinene (Wetwitayaklung et al 2009 ), α-guaiene (Ishihara et al 1991b ), and α-bulnesene (Ishihara and Tsuneya 1993a ;Wetwitayaklung et al 2009 ), similar to our fi ndings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique

2016

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Agarwood or gaharu is resin-impregnated wood of the tree genus Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae). In Malaysia, the main agarwood producer is Aquilaria malaccensis and oil extracted from this species is highly priced. One of the challenges in commercializing agarwood is the lack of universal standard to classify the aromatic oils. Our present knowledge places the main aromatic compounds of agarwood oil in the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon region. In this work, we extracted agarwood oil using hydrodistillation method in the laboratory and compared with a commercial-scale extraction in the factory. We analyzed the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon region using several highly sophisticated detection systems. Using GC-FID, 12 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were identifi ed, while another eight were determined using GC-MS. Five compounds were identifi ed in both analytical techniques: aromadendrene, α-bulnesene, α-guaiene, γ-gurjunene, and β-maaliene. Advanced analysis using GC × GC/TOFMS detected 24 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in both laboratory and pilot scale agarwood oils. Many of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons identifi ed provide the woody aroma to the agarwood oil. Specifi cally, α-gurjunene and α-guaiene contribute to the woody balsamic aroma, while α-copaene contributes to the spicy-wood aroma. In total, 33 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were identifi ed from A. malaccensis in the present study, with high certainty. Results from this study can be used toward establishing a universal standard for agarwood oil from the genus Aquilaria in the global market, which is presently lacking.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique

2016

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“…In the early 1990s, this practice allowed higher intensities to be obtained for the molecular weight peaks and the higher mass fragments of the compounds. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] • A few articles which describe interesting, non-traditional topics, unfortunately with insufficiently reliable, if not doubtful analytical results, will not be included in this review, but are mentioned for completeness in Appendix B. Table 1 gives a chronological survey of the analytical investigations on various Aquilaria species, including, when possible, the origin of the starting materials, the different methods applied to extract the volatile constituents from the woody biomass, and the main constituents isolated from these extracts, or the purpose of the analytical investigation.…”

Section: General Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The volatile and semi‐volatile constituents of agarwood, the infected heartwood of Aquilaria species: a review

Naef¹

2011

Flavour & Fragrance J

291

275

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A compilation of the volatile and semi-volatile constituents of agarwood, the infected fragrant heartwood of some Aquilaria species, mainly A. malaccensis, A. sinensis and A. crassna, is presented. This high-priced wood has a long tradition in religious ceremonies as incense and its essential oil is well appreciated in fine perfumery. More than 150 compounds have been identified so far, mostly sesquiterpenoids, chromones and volatile aromatic compounds. The scarce knowledge of their organoleptic properties is summarized. Studies on the chemistry of agarwood smoke are discussed. Emphasis is given to structural and analytical aspects.

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“…Chromone compounds are described as having bigger role in producing the warm, balsamic, and enduring odor when agarwood is heated and smoke is produced. In very high-quality agarwood such as kanankoh , the chromone content is reportedly at 60 %, while the less superior type jinkoh has only 1.5 % (Ishihara et al 1993 ). Kanankoh is used in the kohdoh ceremony (listening to incense) where the fragrance of agarwood is appreciated in an elaborated traditional manner.…”

Section: Compounds In Agarwoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Agarwood Formation and Its Challenges

Rasool

Mohamed

2016

Tropical Forestry

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The resinous portion of the Aquilaria tree is called agarwood, a valuable non-timber product being used as medicine and incenses in Asia, Middle East, and Europe. Driven by high demand, the wild resources of agarwood-producing trees have been greatly threatened. This fragrant product contains many aromatic substances and is obtained from the pathological conditions of the wood of living trees. The knowledge regarding the technology for inducing agarwood and its continuous formation in the tree is still limited. To conserve the wild Aquilaria spp. and to supply sustainable amount of agarwood, cultivation of Aquilaria trees in combination with induction through artifi cial technique is seen as the best approach. In this chapter we will discuss the fundamentals of agarwood formation in the producing trees, the molecular pathway in its synthesis, current methods applied for agarwood induction in cultivated trees, and fi nally the factors infl uencing agarwood yield and quality.

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Components of the Volatile Concentrate of Agarwood

Cited by 62 publications

References 10 publications

Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique

Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique

The volatile and semi‐volatile constituents of agarwood, the infected heartwood of Aquilaria species: a review

Understanding Agarwood Formation and Its Challenges

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