Components of Unsaponifiable Matter of Rice Bran Oil

Akiya, Toshimi

doi:10.1271/bbb1961.26.180

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry

1962

DOI: 10.1271/bbb1961.26.180

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Components of Unsaponifiable Matter of Rice Bran Oil

Toshimi Akiya

Abstract: Components of the unsaponifiable matter of crude rice bran oilwere examined. A new compound having melting point of 157•`158•Ž was obtained. Molecular weight was determined and ultraviolet and infrared analyses were carried out. Squalene and ferulic acid ester were confirmed to exist in the unsaponifiable matter of crude rice bran oil. Quantitative relation of components was calculated and found to be 42% sterols, 24% higher alcohols, 20% ferulic acid esters, 10% hydrocarbons and 2% unreported compound.

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“…The typical soapstock from RBO contains ~65-70 wt% water, 20-22 wt% soap, 2-2.5 wt% glycerides (mainly TG), and 7-7.5 wt% unsaponified matter. The unsaponified fraction contains ~42% sterols, 24% higher fatty alcohols, 20% oryzanol (as ferulic acid esters), 10% hydrocarbons, and 2% unidentified compounds (4). Oryzanol represents ~15% (2% of 7.5 wt%) of the unsaponified matter.…”

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Extraction and purification of oryzanol from rice bran oil and rice bran oil soapstock

Narayan

Barhate

Raghavarao

2006

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Oryzanol is an important value-added co-product of the rice and rice bran-refining processes. The beneficial effects of oryzanol on human health have generated global interest in developing facile methods for its separation from rice bran oil soapstock, a by-product of the chemical refining of rice bran oil. In this article we discuss the isolation of oryzanol and the effect that impurities have on its extraction and purification. Presented are the principles behind the extraction (solid-liquid or liquid-liquid extraction, and other methods) of these unit operations covered in selected patents. Methods other than extraction such as crystallization or precipitation-based or a combination of these unit operations also are reviewed. The problems encountered and the ways to solve them during oryzanol extraction, such as prior processing and compositional variation in soapstock, resistance to mass transfer, moisture content and the presence of surface active components, which cause emulsion formation, are examined. Engineering inputs required for solving problems such as saponification, increasing mass transfer area, and drying methods are emphasized. Based on an analysis of existing processes, those having potential to work in large-scale extraction processes are presented.Rice is the second-largest cultivated crop produced worldwide with current annual world production being approximately 583 million metric tons (1). Rice bran is one of the valuable byproducts of the rice processing industry (2). In many instances, it is economically feasible to extract oil from rice bran and purify it by physical and chemical refining for either food or industrial use. Owing to several technical and nontechnical problems in oil refining, the actual annual production of rice bran oil (RBO) does not meet demand (3). The major difficulties in processing crude RBO for edible purposes are its high levels of FFA, waxes, gums, and pigments. Accordingly, most RBO is used in nonfood applications. Chemical refining of RBO produces soapstock by-product (RBOS). The typical soapstock from RBO contains ~65-70 wt% water, 20-22 wt% soap, 2-2.5 wt% glycerides (mainly TG), and 7-7.5 wt% unsaponified matter. The unsaponified fraction contains ~42% sterols, 24% higher fatty alcohols, 20% oryzanol (as ferulic acid esters), 10% hydrocarbons, and 2% unidentified compounds (4). Oryzanol represents ~15% (2% of 7.5 wt%) of the unsaponified matter. At present, the major use of the soapstock is the generation of soap for the toiletry and detergent industries. It could also be used for production of therapeutically active components such as oryzanol and tocopherols (5). In view of the amount of oryzanol present in RBOS, which is generated in large amounts, there is an opportunity for commercial production of oryzanol from this by-product.Chemically, oryzanol is a mixture of ferulic acid esters of triterpene alcohols (phytosterols), i.e., ferulate (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid) (6). The components of oryzanol were identified as ∆ 7 -stigmastenyl ferulate, ...

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Extraction and purification of oryzanol from rice bran oil and rice bran oil soapstock

Narayan

Barhate

Raghavarao

2006

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Preferential extractability of γ‐oryzanol from dried soapstock using different solvents

kumar¹,

Tiku²,

Prakash³

2008

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND: γ -Oryzanol from rice bran has lately gained potential importance because of its proven health benefits. Thus the extractability of γ -oryzanol from the soapstock of crude rice bran oil is important from the perspective of future large-scale production, which would give value addition to this by-product obtained from the rice bran oil industry. The aim of the present study was to investigate the extraction of γ -oryzanol from the drum-dried soapstock of rice bran oil using various solvents.

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Components of Unsaponifiable Matter of Rice Bran Oil

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Extraction and purification of oryzanol from rice bran oil and rice bran oil soapstock

Extraction and purification of oryzanol from rice bran oil and rice bran oil soapstock

Preferential extractability of γ‐oryzanol from dried soapstock using different solvents

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