Comportamento Geoquímico Dos Elementos Terras Raras Nos Alteritos Da Jazida De Fosfato E Titânio De Tapira (Minas Gerais, Brasil): A Importância Dos Fosfatos

Abstract

The geochemical behaviour of the rare earth elements (REE) during the supergenic evolution of the rocks is not yet well known. This paper deals with the REE behaviour in ferralitic alteration profiles of the residual phosphate and titanium deposit of Tapira, originated from pyroxenites and peridotites containing apatite and perovskite. This study was carried out on a rock constituted essentially of apatite, perovskite and titaniferous magnetite, with diopside and phlogopite as accessory minerals. The analysis of a microfractured and silicified fresh rock has shown perovskite as the main bearing REE primary mineral (1.5 to 2.0% RE 2 O 3). The alteration of this rock occuring on a first stage with preservation of the volume (isovolume) leads to: 1. total removal of silica (opal and quartz); 2. partial dissolution of primary apatite along the fractures and neoformation of secondary apatite, enriched in fluor and depleted in REE; and 3. total transformation (pseudomorphose) of perovskite into microbothroidal anatase in the voids of which a crystal association (geodes) of rare earth and Ca phosphate of rhabdophane group is neoformed. On a second alteration stage it is observed that: 1. all the apatite is dissolved leaving behind important assembly of voids; 2. the phosphate of the rhabdophane group is partially dissolved and replaced by a phosphate of the crandallite group rich in REE; 3. a certain Ti mobilization occurs in the interior of the anatase (corrosion gulf; titaneous cutans) followed by its partial epigenization by ferruginous products and an initial alteration of the titaniferous magnetite. The study seems to indicate that in Tapira: 1. the phosphorous has a fundamental role on trapping the REE released by hydrolysis of the bearing primary minerals; 2. the REE remain in the alterites and are fixed in mineralogical phases of a sequence of REE phosphates richer in aluminium; 3. the REE and the Ti remain closely associated in the studied weathering phases.

Natural perovskite: (CaII 0.95 (1)CeIII 0.011 (2)NaI 0.010 (4))(FeIII 0.022 (2)TiIV 0.98 (1))O3

“…In central and southeastern Brazil, perovskite can be found as essential and accessory minerals of the Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province (Seer & Moraes, 1988;Sgarbi & Valença, 1994;Sgarbi & Gaspar, 1995), where they form part of five important carbonatite complexes, as in Tapira (Lloyd & Bailey, 1991). In these complexes, the conversion of perovskite in anatase (Soubies et al, 1991) resulted in some of the biggest known titanium concentrations, but even so these deposits are not still economically explored for technological reasons. There are many geological studies (Haggerty & Mariano, 1983;Mariano & Mitchell, 1991; and others) describing crystals of perovskite in the Brazilian carbonatite complexes as belonging to the system lueshite (NaNbO 3 )-loparite [(NaCe)TiO 3 ]perovskite (CaTiO 3 ) but with the end member perovskite sensu stricto as the principal component.…”