COMPORTAMIENTO DEL CADMIO Y OTROS INDICADORES EN SUELO Y ALMENDRA DE CACAO (Theobroma cacao L.), BAJO APLICACIÓN DE COMPOST Y NPK

Rofner, Nelino Florida; Salinas, Santos Jacobo; Lara, Tito Felipe Gonzalez Manrique de

doi:10.24841/fa.v27i2.461

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…According to Table 3, no significant differences were found between the different treatments for pH, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Cd 2+ ;indicators; This result is partially related to some works such as that of Florida et al (2018) who point out that the application of cowure compost showed no significant effects for Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Cd 2+ , but found differences for pH, producing an increase, Although this does not change the critical level (strongly acidic). Also, Firme et al (2014) point out that the application of organic amendments significantly improves the pH.…”

Section: Response Of Chemical Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Effect of feather compost on soil chemical indicators in CCN-51 cocoa plantation (Theobroma cacao L.)

Rofner

Levano-Crisóstomo

Jacobo-Salinas

2020

Producción + Limpia

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Introduction. Organic management of cocoa accounts for 60% of production in Peru and large amounts of compost prepared with different inputs are used, in order to improve the quality of the soil and cocoa yields. Objective. Evaluated the effect of the application of chicken feather compost on the main soil chemical indicators in a cocoa plantation CCN-51 un the Town of Nuevo Progreso, province of Padre Abad in the Ucayali-Peru region was evaluated. Materials and methods. A randomized complete block design was used, with four treatments and four repetitions where: FC1 was an absolute witness, FC2 feather compost at a rate of 2,000 kg. ha-1, FC3 feather compost at a rate of 4,000 kg. ha-1 and FC4 feather compost at a rate of 6 000 kg. ha-1. The main chemical indicators of soil quality were evaluated: hydrogen potential (pH), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) , aluminum (Al3+), available cadmium (Cd2+), changeable acids (AC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Results. The results showed a decrease in exchangeable aluminum and changeable acidity and increases in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, depending on the proportion of compost applied, these indicators presented significant differences (p <0.05); The pH, calcium and cadmium available did not show significant differences (p <0.05). Conclusion. Feather compost (FC) significantly improved the levels of OM, N, P and K+, indicators that define soil quality and reduce aluminum levels, the latter of utmost importance in acidic soils.

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Section: Response Of Chemical Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…ha -1 and FC4 compost of feather at a rate of 6,000 kg ha -1 . The criterion of the amount applied had as references Florida et al (2018), Alvarado (2016) and Puentes et al (2014).…”

Section: Compost Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of feather compost on soil chemical indicators in CCN-51 cocoa plantation (Theobroma cacao L.)

Rofner

Levano-Crisóstomo

Jacobo-Salinas

2020

Producción + Limpia

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“…De los 150 millones de km 2 de área total de tierra, el 10% está dedicado a la producción agrícola, 55% son praderas, pastizales y bosques y el resto no es adecuado para uso agrícola; la mayoría de esa producción depende de métodos agrícolas denominados "convencionales", es decir, incluyen la aplicación de productos agroquímicos sintéticos (Devine et al, 2008); en la actualidad, la agricultura está haciendo un uso cada vez más intensivo del suelo con el fin de obtener alimentos y materias primas, empleando insumos como plaguicidas y fertilizantes, situación que está conduciendo a una degradación creciente del suelo (Devine et al, 2008;Silva y Correa, 2009). Los sistemas convencionales, implican el uso de todas las tecnología apropiadas y disponibles, que la ciencia ha demostrado que benefician la producción de cultivos (Bruulsema, 2002); sin embargo, el uso excesivo de insumos químicos, como fertilizantes, herbicidas, y otros insumos pueden aumentar la compactación, la concentración de sales, la acidificación, disminución de materia orgánica y a largo plazo, rendimientos bajos (Florida et al, 2018;Orozco et al, 2016). Por lo tanto, evaluar los impactos de los sistemas de producción convencional de la coca en el ámbito de la provincia de Padre Abad, resulta de importancia social y ambiental, tratándose de un cultivo que persiste pese al esfuerzo de su erradicación en esta zona y en las principales cuencas productoras (VRAEM, Huallaga, Monzón, Aguaytía y Pichis Palcazú).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Impacto sobre indicadores físicos y químicos del suelo con manejo convencional de coca y cacao

Celis-Tarazona¹,

Rofner

Rojas

2020

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La investigación evaluó el impacto del manejo convencional de los cultivos de Erythroxylum coca, Theobroma cacao L. y bosque como referencia, sobre indicadores físicos y químicos del suelo, en Padre Abad región Ucayali-Perú. Se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorizado, los tratamientos lo constituyen los sistemas de manejo convencional de coca (CO), cacao (CA) y bosque secundario (BS) como referencia; se evaluaron indicadores físicos como densidad aparente (DA) y resistencia a la penetrabilidad (RP) en estratos de 0,00 a 0,10 m (DA10 y RP10) y 0,10 a 0,20 m (DA20 y RP20) y los indicadores químicos pH, materia orgánica (MO), fosforo (P), potasio (K+), calcio (Ca2+), magnesio (Mg2+), aluminio (Al3+), saturación de aluminio (%SAl) y la acidez cambiable (%AC). Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en indicadores físicos DA10, DA20, RP10 y RP20 y en los indicadores químicos pH, MO, K+, Ca2+, Al3+, AC y SAl. Se concluye, que el manejo convencional de coca afecta severamente los indicadores físicos DA y RP en ambos estratos evaluados y afecta negativamente sobre indicadores químicos, disminuyendo los niveles medios de pH, MO, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ y los valores más alto en resistencia a la penetrabilidad superficial, aluminio intercambiable y acidez cambiable, en comparación al bosque.

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Derived Environmental Impacts of Organic Fairtrade Cocoa (Peru) Compared to Its Conventional Equivalent (Ivory Coast) through Life-Cycle Assessment in the Basque Country

López del Amo,

Akizu-Gardoki

2024

Sustainability

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There is a global need to create an environmentally low-impact and socially fair international food and agriculture system. Specifically, in the case of chocolate, since it is difficult to produce locally in consumer countries, the socio-economic impact and benefits of its production have long been unfairly distributed. This research analyses the differences between the global environmental impacts of Fairtrade-certified and organically produced cocoa (from Peru), sold in the form of a chocolate bar purchased in the Basque Country (Europe), and the respective average conventional product made with non-organic cocoa beans (from Ivory Coast). Life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was used to calculate five impact categories, while ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint Hierarchist was used to analyse the global warming potential (GWP), terrestrial ecotoxicity (TE), and environmental footprint (ENVF, for land use); AWARE was used to measure the water footprint (WF); and cumulative energy demand (CED) assessed energy footprint (EF). The selected functional unit (FU) is 1 kg of final chocolate bar (72% cocoa), extrapolating the characteristics of a 150 g bar. The system boundaries take into account a cradle-to-gate LCA covering the following phases: the production of ingredients, the processing of cocoa paste, transportation and packaging, the manufacture of the chocolate, and its final retail distribution. The results show that certified Organic Agriculture and Fairtrade (OA&FT) chocolate had an average global warming potential (GWP) of 3.37 kg CO2-eq per kilogram, 57.3% lower than Conventional Agriculture (CA)-based chocolate, with the greatest reduction associated with the production of ingredients, at −71.8%. The OA&FT chocolate studied had an 87.4% lower impact in the category of terrestrial ecotoxicity (TE) than that of the CA-based chocolate, yielding 13.7 and 108.6 kg 1,4-DCB per kilogram, respectively. The greatest reduction in the TE impact category also occurred for the OA&FT chocolate in the ingredient production phase, at 93%. Reductions in energy footprint (EF) and water footprint (WF) were also observed in the OA&FT product (21% and 5%). In contrast, although OA&FT processing drastically reduced the associated environmental loads, an increase in packaging and transport phase impacts was observed in the GWP and TE categories (95% and 107%, respectively). Similarly, an increase of 18.7% was observed in the land use footprint for the OA&FT chocolate. The greater need for cropland is compensated by the reduction of 449.02 kg 1,4-DCB·person−1 year−1 in the TE category. This research shows that replacing the current consumption of CA cocoa with OA&FT cocoa has the potential to reduce the GWP by 21.95 kg CO2-eq·person−1·year−1, reducing the current Basque average emission range of 8.4 tCO2-eq·yr−1 by 0.26%. As a future subject to study, it was also found that the impact of long-distance maritime transportation and packaging could still have the potential to be reduced, it currently being the cause of up to 11% of the GWP from OA&FT cocoa.

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COMPORTAMIENTO DEL CADMIO Y OTROS INDICADORES EN SUELO Y ALMENDRA DE CACAO (Theobroma cacao L.), BAJO APLICACIÓN DE COMPOST Y NPK

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of feather compost on soil chemical indicators in CCN-51 cocoa plantation (Theobroma cacao L.)

Effect of feather compost on soil chemical indicators in CCN-51 cocoa plantation (Theobroma cacao L.)

Impacto sobre indicadores físicos y químicos del suelo con manejo convencional de coca y cacao

Derived Environmental Impacts of Organic Fairtrade Cocoa (Peru) Compared to Its Conventional Equivalent (Ivory Coast) through Life-Cycle Assessment in the Basque Country

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