Comportamiento reproductivo en las etnias de Antioquia-Colombia

A "Demographic Turnaround": The Rapid Growth of the Indigenous Populations in Lowland Latin America

“…others have become extinct or nearly so" (1994,131). Other researchers have been similarly cautious in interpolating a common growth pattern from a few case studies (e.g., Arias Valencia 2001;Salzano and CallegariJacques 1988).…”

“…But the widespread pattern of high fertility identified in this study points to the need for broader incorporation of specific health and education issues into the transnational agendas of indigenous alliances, national indigenous programs, and related development efforts. Pre-and post-natal care is particularly important in mitigating the health concerns directly associated with short birth spacing in highfertility populations, such as the increased morbidity and mortality of mothers and children (Arias-Valencia 2001;Dufour 1994;Piñeros-Petersen and Ruiz-Salguero 1998). In several of the studies cited here, women expressed interest in spacing births further apart, if not in having fewer children altogether (e.g., Dodds 1998a).…”

“…What explains rising fertility among Latin America's lowland indigenous groups? The proximate determinants of high fertility appear to be clear, including early marriage, uneven contraceptive use, and high fecundity (e.g., Arias-Valencia 2001;Hill and Hurtado 1996;Lu 1999;McSweeney 2002). But what are the more ultimate determinants-the cultural, economic, and political contexts in which the ability to have many children is realized?…”

“…Instead, we draw from Greenhalgh and other theorists who argue for the greater importance of multi-scaled cultural and political processes in understanding fertility outcomes (Greenhalgh 1995;Kertzer and Fricke 1997). A "political economy of fertility" (Greenhalgh 1995, 13) approach appears particularly relevant in lowland indigenous contexts, where recent studies point to common ethnocultural, political, and territorial forces shaping birth rates across diverse lowland groups (e.g., Sainz de la Maza Kaufmann 1997;Arias-Valencia 2001).…”

Edad de menarquia y ascendencia indígena: Un estudio poblacional en Chile

“…Algunos autores postulan que la edad temprana de menarquia en algunas poblaciones indígenas puede deberse, desde un contexto ecológico, a una adaptación para facilitar las condiciones reproductivas en un medioambiente adverso, donde las expectativas de vida son bajas 6,7 . Otros estudios señalan edades más tardías en población aborigen y especialmente en lugares rurales, atribuyéndose esto a causas genéticas, escaso desarrollo y mayor vulnerabilidad social [8][9][10] .…”