Comportement alimentaire et mérycique d'ovins et de bovins recevant des fourrages verts

Dulphy, J.P.; Michalet-Doreau, B.; Dudilieu, Madeleine; Jamot, Jacqueline; Boissau, J.M.; Bousquet, H.; L'hotelier, L.

doi:10.1051/animres:19830404

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…When the deer were fed long pieces of lucerne hay they responded by increasing their chewing rate (bites/min and bites/g DM consumed) but this could not compensate for the effects of the more difficult physical form and the rate of feed consumption fell. Forages with higher cell wall or cellulose contents are eaten more slowly and require more chewing (Dulphy & Michalet-Doreau 1983), and the consumption rates (g OM/min) and chewing activity (bites/g OM consumed) in Expt 2 (Table 4) are consistent with this. Comparison of lucerne hay and chicory (the forages with the greatest and least concentrations of CWOM) shows that lucerne hay was comminuted the most completely (Table 3) and was associated with high efficiency indexes (Table 4) while chicory was comminuted less than all the other forages and had low indexes of chewing efficiency.…”

Section: Influence Of Physical Form and Cell Wall Content On The Ingesupporting

confidence: 53%

Comminution of roughages by red deer (Cervus elaphus) during the prehension of feed

Dryden

Stafford

Waghorn³

et al. 1995

J. Agric. Sci.

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S U M M A R YThe chewing behaviour of red deer (Cervus elaphus) during eating and the effectiveness of chewing on feed comminution was studied in two experiments. In Expt 1, deer were fed long or chopped lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay, and feed intake and chewing activity were recorded. In Expt 2, the rumen was emptied and test meals of fresh chicory (Cichorium intybus cv. Puna), lotus (Lotus corniculatus cv. Grasslands Goldie), ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Ruanui) forage and long lucerne hay were given, chewing activity recorded and the ingested forage quantitatively removed from the rumen. In Expt 1, the chopped hay was eaten more quickly than long hay (11-4 v. 8-3 g dry matter/min), and required fewer chewing bites per g dry matter eaten. In Expt 2, the four forages were consumed at similar rates (mean 4-3 g organic matter/min) and there was no significant difference in the chewing required to consume either total organic matter (OM) or cell wall OM. Deer chewed more quickly when eating lucerne hay than when eating lotus, and it was estimated that a greater number of chewing bites were required to form a bolus of lucerne hay than to form a lotus bolus. The proportion of ingested OM which was comminuted so as to pass a 1 mm sieve (efficiency of chewing) was greater for lotus (0-485) and lucerne hay (0-518) than for chicory (0-267). The efficiency of chewing ryegrass (0-366) was intermediate and not significantly different from any other forage. For all forages, the main effect of chewing during eating appeared to be the release of cell contents, rather than the comminution of cell wall. Physical breakdown to particles which passed a 1 mm screen but were retained on an 0-25 mm screen was low for fresh forages (0074-0086) but was slightly higher for lucerne hay (0-127). Deer reduced feed particle size during eating with a similar efficiency to sheep, but were less efficient than goats.It is suggested that the chewing effort associated with forage consumption by red deer is related to the need to form a bolus. The amount of chewing may be as much influenced by the physical characteristics of the forage (e.g. leaf size and shape) as by its chemical composition, and the extent of comminution during eating may be determined by the processing needed to form a bolus and the resistance of the feed to bolus formation.i N T R O n i i r T l O N some circumstances the rate of passage of undigested I N l K U U U t l l U N f e e d m a y b e m o r e i n l p o r t a n t t h a n t h e r a t e of digestion Forages are a major component of the diets of farmed (e.g. Mertens & Ely 1979;Poppi et al. 1981a). deer in New Zealand, so forage characteristics which Spalinger (1986) has noted that the rate of small influence feed consumption and the release of particle passage is an important determinant of intake nutrients will have important effects on animal in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and the North performance. Intake of forage dry matter (DM) by American elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis). In the ruminants is affected to a large ext...

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Section: Influence Of Physical Form and Cell Wall Content On The Ingesupporting

confidence: 53%

Comminution of roughages by red deer (Cervus elaphus) during the prehension of feed

Dryden

Stafford

Waghorn³

et al. 1995

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…Nous avons entrepris, chez le mouton, un travail systématique sur ce sujet, les ré-sultats concernant les fourrages verts (Dulphy et Demarquilly, 1974;Dulphy et Bechet, 1976; Michalet-Doreau, 1983) ont déjà été publiés, ainsi que ceux concernant les ensilages d'herbe (Dulphy, Michalet-Doreau et Demarquilly, 1984 (Dulphy et Bechet, 1976) : DUM = 26,92 …”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Activités alimentaires et méryciques de moutons recevant des foins à l'auge

Dulphy¹,

Demarquilly²,

Dudilieu³

et al. 1992

Ann. Zootech.

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“…Les (Dulphy et Michalet-Doreau, 1983) (Ruckebusch, 1963) Faverdin, 1985 ;Gill, Campling et Westgarth, 1966 (Gatel, 1984 (Freer, Campling et Freer et Campling, 1965 (Freer, Campling et Hidari, 1970 (Faverdin, 1985). La (Tulloh, 1966) que chez la brebis (Weekes, 1971 (Guérin et (Baile, 1979).…”

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L'ingestion alimentaire chez les ruminants : modalités et phénomènes associés

Dulphy¹,

Faverdin²

1987

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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Summary. Food intake in ruminants : modalities and associated phenomena.This paper synthesizes the literature on modalities of food intake in ruminants and their main associated phenomena.Firstly, circadian distribution of feeding and ruminating activities has been examined. Ruminants spend a large part of their time chewing. Their meals have been described in detail ; changes in rates of intake, time spent eating, the effect of restricting the amount fed or the period of feed accessibility have been discussed. When food is distributed, the animals have a « long » meal. These meals have been analysed in relation to the type of animal and the feed offered. The other meals (« small » meals) have been briefly described.The paper next examines the phenomena associated with meals, or induced by them, and implied in the control of food intake. Forestomach motricity varies according to ruminant feeding behavior and plays a basic role in digesta transit. Rumen content varies with the meal and its chemical composition due to the arrival in the rumen of food, water and saliva. Rumination may require 600 to 650 min/day and is important in the comminution and sorting of rumen particles.The digestive phenomena associated with meals are related to control of intake. The influence of rumen fill has been thoroughly discussed.Finally, main humoral changes due to intake have been reviewed. The influence of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and metabolites has been discussed as well as the role of glucose, amino acids and fatty acids. Among the hormones, insulin and glucagon seem to play an important role in controlling food intake. The amounts of gastrointestinal hormones increase during intake and may also play an important part.Despite a net improvement in the knowledge of phenomena related to intake, much still remains to be done in setting up models to describe these phenomena in (Gatel, 1984 Buéno, 1972). Plusieurs articles de synthèse ont été consacrés à la motricité du réticulo-rumen (Reid, 1963 ;Wyburn, 1979 ; Ruckebusch, Buéno et Fioramonti, 19811. (Balch, 1958 ;Reid, 1963 ; Waghorn et Reid, 1977, tabl. 4 (Piton, 1975) et donc selon les besoins de l'animal (Tulloh et Pond et al., 1984 (Campling, Freer et Balch, 1963) : elle baisse si la proportion de concentré dans la ration augmente (Bines et Davey, 1970). Cependant, l'amplitude des variations est souvent faible (Thornton et Minson, 1972Laredo et Minson, 19731, même pour des fourrages très différents, en l'absence de facteurs limitants tels que l'inappétibilité de l'aliment, une carence en azote ou un excès de concentré dans la ration. Dans le cas d'ensilages mal conservés ou à brins longs, le niveau des contenus à la fin des grands repas est plus faible que pour les ensilages de bonne qualité (Dulphy, Béchet et Thomson, 1975

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Comportement alimentaire et mérycique d'ovins et de bovins recevant des fourrages verts

Abstract: RésuméNous avons dis2ribué, simultanément à des moutons et des génisses de 1

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Comminution of roughages by red deer (Cervus elaphus) during the prehension of feed

Comminution of roughages by red deer (Cervus elaphus) during the prehension of feed

Activités alimentaires et méryciques de moutons recevant des foins à l'auge

L'ingestion alimentaire chez les ruminants : modalités et phénomènes associés

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