Composés soufrés besAlliumet lutte contre les insectes

Abstract

Resume.-Les composes soufres emis par les Allium attirent les insectes dont le developpement est lie a Ia presence de ces plantes. Ces composes peuvent etre per,.:us par d'autres organismes vivant ou non habituellement dans cette biocenose et avoir sur eux des effets negatifs. Plusieurs etudes ont montre que des Allium ou leurs extraits etaient actifs sur divers insectes, en particulier certains hematophages, mais aussi des phytophages nuisibles. Les connaissances actuelles sur les emissions odorantes specifiques des Allium sont resumees de fa,.:on a selectionner les composes mis en jeu. Deux categories d'actions ont ete etudiees, d'une part celles ayant des repercussions au niveau comportemental comme par exemple Ia repulsion et l'antiappetence, d'autre part celles ayant des consequences physiologiques comme par exemple les effets sur le developpement ou encore les effets insecticides. Ces diverses proprietes des substances soufrees des Allium peuvent eire mises a profit pour Iutter contre les insectes dans le respect de l'environnement.Summary.-Sulfur volatiles emitted by Allium plants attract the insects which develop in contact with these plants. But the sulfur volatiles can be perceived by other organism living in the vicinity or far from this biocenose and can have negative effects on them. Several works have shown that Allium or extracts were active on many insects. The present knowledges on odour emission of Allium were then summarized to search the active compounds. Two kinds of actions were shown. The first one was the behavioural consequences like repulsion and antiappetence. The second one was the physiological consequences like the effects on development and the insecticidal effects. Many insect species were concerned among predators, parasitoids, hematophages, specialist and generalist phytophages, follivores and seminivores. The properties of the sulfur volatiles can be used to control insect populations friendly to the environment.

Antagonist effects of the leek Allium porrum as a companion plant on aphid host plant colonization

“…Among the main VOCs of Allium spp ., the emission of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) as well as diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) released by garlic leaves have been shown to be significantly stimulated after mechanical lesions 25 , 35 , 36 . The insect repellency properties of these compounds were particularly demonstrated with DMDS 24 .…”

“…The Amaryllidaceae family plants also exhibit interesting features that could make them promising CPs candidates 22 , 23 . Indeed, species belonging to the Allium genus have been identified as significant sources of VOCs impacting insect pests colonization 24 , 25 . The success of Allium spp.…”

Susceptibility ofCallosobruchus maculatus(Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and its ParasitoidDinarmus basalis(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to Sulphur-Containing Compounds: Consequences on Biological Control

“…The insecticidal properties of these two sulphur-containing compounds are well known and their use for pest control in storage systems has been suggested (Seck et al 1993(Seck et al , 1996Auger et al 1994;Thibout and Auger 1997). However, these studies did not analyze the susceptibility of the parasitoids developing in the stores to these sulphur-containing compounds.…”

Consequences for a specialist insect and its parasitoid of the response of Allium porrum to conspecific herbivore attack

“…mainly thiosulphinates and their degradation products disulphides and trisulphides) (Auger et al ., 1989a; Jaillais et al ., 1999). These sulphur compounds have repellent and toxic effects on numerous species and thus play a direct role in protecting Allium from attacks by most species in nature (Thibout & Auger, 1997; Dugravot et al ., 2003; Auger & Thibout, 2005). However, at constitutive concentrations, these sulphur compounds appear to have little effect on the larvae and adults of the leek moth Acrolepiopsis assectella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea), suggesting that this specialist lepidoptera is well adapted to the sulphur chemistry of its host plant (Dugravot et al ., 2004).…”