Composição florística das espécies vasculares e caráter sucessional da flora arbórea de um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual no Sul do Brasil

Abstract

-(Floristic composition of the vascular species and tree flora successional character in a Seasonal Semideciduous Forest remnant in Southern Brazil). The floristic composition of vascular species present in an urban forest remnant in the Ibiporã Forest Park (23°15'71" S and 51°01'83" W, Park entrance), Southern Brazil, was studied from May 2006 to May 2008. The species were divided in life form and tree species were placed in successional categories. A total of 176 native species, 147 genera and 57 families were found. The majority of species were Angiosperms (98%) while 2% were Pteridophyta. The richest families were Fabaceae (19), Bignoniaceae, Malvaceae (nine), Meliaceae and Rubiaceae (eight). The tree species were majority (53%), following by herbaceous (16%), vines (14%), shrubs (13%) and epiphyte species (4%). The successional characterization of the tree species showed a slight predominance of the late secondary species (52%) over species of early succession (45%) IntroduçãoA fragmentação das florestas reduz a área de cobertura total e promove alterações no ambiente florestal, podendo resultar na extinção imediata de algumas espécies e, ao longo do tempo, expõe os organismos sobreviventes aos efeitos do ambiente alterado, o que se tem denominado de efeito de borda (Murcia 1995). A resposta das espécies é variável, porém alterações na sobrevivência, na estrutura e na distribuição das espécies na comunidade contribuem para a perda da diversidade biológica, tanto diretamente pela redução do estoque de genes e de espécies, como indiretamente, em consequência da quebra das interações ecológicas e da estabilidade dos ecossistemas (Futuyma 1996). O conhecimento da flora e da fauna constitui o ponto de partida para o acompanhamento das alterações temporais que podem orientar ações de manejo das unidades de conservação.Na região norte do Estado do Paraná, o processo de ocupação com a lavoura cafeeira a partir da década de 40 gerou um intenso processo de fragmentação da floresta original, restando atualmente vários fragmentos pequenos e isolados (Campos & Costa Filho 2006

Seasonal variation of consumption of the species used as fruit source by brown howler monkeys (Alouatta clamitans) in southern Brazil

“…The average annual temperature is 21.9 °C and the average pluvial precipitation is 1570 mm. There is a drop in temperature and precipitation from March to September, characterizing the autumn and winter as a colder and drier period (Soares-Silva et al 1992), July being the coldest month and February the hottest month (Costa et al 2011). During dry period 20 to 50% of the trees drop totally or partially their leaves (Instituto... 1992) Biota Neotrop.,vol.…”

<b>Floristic composition of the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in Southern Brazil: <i>Reserva Biológica das Perobas</i>, State of Paraná

“…In the study area, 23.5% of the native species are climbers and the dominant families are Bignoniaceae, Fabaceae, Apocynaceae, Malpighiaceae and Sapindaceae, as in several studies in nearby areas (Carneiro & Vieira, 2012;Santos, Caxambú, Silva, Hoppen, &Villagra, 2014). This study demonstrates the highest proportion of climbers (23.5%) in relation to other surveyed remnants of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in Paraná, which recorded less than 18% of the total flora (Souza et al, 2009;Costa et al, 2011;Slusarski & Souza, 2012;Rossetto & Vieira, 2013;Garcia et al, 2017).…”

“…Other typical species of submontane Seasonal Semideciduous Forest (Roderjan et al, 2002) present in the study area are: Astronium graveolens In relation to the families with higher species diversity, this and several studies in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in the State of Paraná point to Fabaceae in remnants of diverse sizes (Souza, Kawakita, Slusarski, & Pereira, 2009;Costa, Estevan, Bianchini, & Fonseca, 2011;Slusarski & Souza, 2012;Rossetto & Vieira, 2013;Garcia, Romagnolo, & Souza, 2017). Asteraceae appears in second place in the study area and in Souza et al (2009), Rossetto and Vieira (2013) and Garcia et al (2017).…”

“…Herbaceous species were more numerous in this area (34%) and in the Upper Paraná River floodplain (32%), a vegetation with several riparian environments and a large area sampled (235 ha) (Souza et al, 2009). In other remnants of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in the State of Paraná, tree species are dominant, between 38 and 53% of the total flora (Costa et al, 2011;Slusarski & Souza, 2012;Rossetto & Vieira, 2013;Garcia et al, 2017).…”

Community structure, succession and invasibility in a seasonal deciduous forest in southern Brazil

“…The species were classified according to field observations and/or literature (Klein 1972;Reitz 1974;Reitz et al 1978Reitz et al , 1988Carvalho 1994b;Ivanauskas and Rodrigues 2000;Mikich and Silva 2001;Budke et al 2005;Sobral et al 2006;Giehl et al 2007;Ruschel et al 2007;Yamamoto et al 2007;Franco 2008;Costa et al 2011;Kilka and Longhi 2011;Loregian et al 2012). Although the combination of four parameters and ten classes within these parameters results in 36 possible functional groups, the existing species fell into only 19 groups, as some of the combinations did not match the characteristics of the species sampled (Appendix I).…”