Composite cement embedded in a biopolymer matrix for bone tissue regeneration

Abstract

Bone substitutes are biomaterials applied in surgical therapy to repair many cases of a damaged bone. More than two million bone surgeries using biomaterials are realised each year worldwide. In this line of research, the researchers of this project study developed a bioresorbable synthetic bone substitute designated by (β-TCP/DCPD)-PHBV which is a mixture of the two materials: β-TCP/DCPD and PHBV in a 60/40 weight fraction. This research study attempts to categorize the (β-TCP/DCPD)-PHBV and evaluate its ability on triggering bone regeneration by making bone implants on 12 New Zealand white male rabbits. The RESEARCHERS performed multi-scale studies namely; a uniaxial compression test, an examination by scanning electron microscopy, and analysis with infrared spectroscopy in order to get the characteristics. The neoformed bone is examined by SEM coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). In addition to the salient mechanical benefits; attenuation of the modulus of elasticity and limitation of brittleness, the biomaterial has also proven to be effective in giving rise to new bone tissues having a suitable mineral composition.

Polymer-ceramic composites for bone challenging applications: Materials and manufacturing processes

“…13,16 A variety of natural biopolymers are cited in this research, including chitosan, 17 hyaluronic acid, 18 natural fibers as Flax 15,[19][20][21] and gelatin, 22 as well as synthetic polymers such as Polylactic Acid (PLA), 14,23 Polyurethane (PU), Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and PHB for various biomedical applications. 8,[24][25][26][27] In addition to the mentioned biopolymers, proteins represent another important class of natural biopolymers, composed of amino acid monomers joined by peptide bonds. They can be derived from various biological sources, including meat, dairy, and plant-based foods.…”

“…To overcome these limitations, several ongoing studies are exploring innovative techniques and improved materials to enhance the capabilities of bioceramics. 24,[79][80][81] These endeavors seek to overcome the challenges associated with their mechanical properties, promote enhanced strength and resilience, and ensure compatibility with the natural regeneration processes of bone. 82…”

“…13,16 A variety of natural biopolymers are cited in this research, including chitosan, 17 hyaluronic acid, 18 natural fibers as Flax 15,19–21 and gelatin, 22 as well as synthetic polymers such as Polylactic Acid (PLA), 14,23 Polyurethane (PU), Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and PHB for various biomedical applications. 8,24–27…”

“…However, their mechanical properties pose a significant challenge in terms of providing optimal strength and durability that can withstand the stresses and physiological demands of repaired bone. 24,78 Furthermore, certain applications may require bioceramics to possess tenacity and ductility, which are not inherent properties of these materials. 26 Additionally, the rate of osseous regeneration may not align with the rates of degradation and resorption of bioceramics, resulting in complications such as implant fractures or deterioration.…”