Composite Fading Models Based on Inverse Gamma Shadowing: Theory and Validation

Abstract

We introduce a general approach to characterize composite fading models based on inverse gamma (IG) shadowing. We first determine to what extent the IG distribution is an adequate choice for modeling shadow fading, by means of a comprehensive test with field measurements and other distributions conventionally used for this purpose. Then, we prove that the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of any IG-based composite fading model are directly expressed in terms of a Laplace-domain statistic of the underlying fast fading model and, in some relevant cases, as a mixture of wellknown state-of-the-art distributions. Also, exact and asymptotic expressions for the outage probability are provided, which are valid for any choice of baseline fading distribution. Finally, we exemplify our approach by presenting several application examples for IG-based composite fading models, for which their statistical characterization is directly obtained in a simple form.

Theα‐η‐μ/inverse gamma fading subjected to wireless applications with MRC diversity

“…Subsequently, using the relations, 30 Equation 3.381.4 and, 29 Equation 2.56-2.60 with some mathematical manipulations, ( 11) is achieved and thus completes the proof. To the author's best knowledge, previously derived expressions given by ( 4), (9), and ( 11) are novel and have not been reported in literature yet.…”

“…The reasons for this are listed below: Mathematical representation of LN introduces extra complexity, while evaluating system performance solely or when clubbed with a multipath model to examine realistic system behavior. The model has a close resemblance with LN than the Gamma pointed. The authors in an earlier study 9 empirically validated the efficacy of I‐Gamma under mild and less severe shadowing conditions over the Gamma model through field measurement. Additionally, the utility of the IGamma model is extensively tested in urban, indoor, and suburban scenarios from a few MHz to millimeter frequency range 9 …”

“…(ii) The model has a close resemblance with LN than the Gamma pointed. The authors in an earlier study 9 empirically validated the efficacy of I-Gamma under mild and less severe shadowing conditions over the Gamma model through field measurement. (iii) Additionally, the utility of the IGamma model is extensively tested in urban, indoor, and suburban scenarios from a few MHz to millimeter frequency range.…”

“…(iii) Additionally, the utility of the IGamma model is extensively tested in urban, indoor, and suburban scenarios from a few MHz to millimeter frequency range. 9 The cumulative impact of multipath and shadowing is highly desirable while modeling the channel characteristic of the practical environments. In a realistic scenario, such as urban and suburban, both fading occur concurrently.…”

Alternative Formulations for the Fluctuating Two-Ray Fading Model

“…The generalized MGF is an important statistical function relevant to wireless communication theory, as it naturally appears when analyzing different scenarios such as energy detection probability, outage probability with co-channel interference in interference limited scenarios, physical layer security analysis [33], or in the context of composite fading channel modeling [34]. The GMGF of a random variable X is defined:…”