Composite generation and transmission expansion planning toward high renewable energy penetration in Iran power grid

Abstract

This study proposes a composite generation and transmission expansion planning (CGTEP) with high renewable penetration in Iran power grid. The goal is to minimise the generation and transmission investment and operation costs, start-up/ shutdown costs, and the cost of energy not served during a 10-year planning horizon. The problem is formulated in a mixedinteger linear format, considering power flow limits, ramping rate limits, minimum up/down times of the generation units, uncertainty of wind and solar generations, and deterministic and probabilistic reliability constrains including reserve margins for generation capacities and expected energy not supplied boundary. In addition, according to the specific geographic characteristics of Iran, import and export of the electricity, as well as the limitation of water resources for power generation, is modelled in the CGTEP problem. The proposed CGTEP method is implemented in business as usual and renewable target cases without considering the uncertainty, and RT case with uncertainty considerations. In RT cases, 30% renewable penetration is targeted to reduce the CO 2 emission by 10%. In addition, the capability of Iran power grid in providing green energy for the neighbouring countries is investigated in this study.

Integrated Planning and Operation Dispatching of Source–Grid–Load–Storage in a New Power System: A Coupled Socio–Cyber–Physical Perspective

“…Therefore, achieving breakthroughs in complex system modeling requires cross-disciplinary integration and the establishment of a collaboration framework. Models should consider not only factors like generation capacity, grid architecture, user demand response [84], and energy storage facility conditions within the system [75,76], but also external factors including environmental protection requirements [79], meteorological and geographical conditions, and policy regulations. Developing a comprehensive blueprint for the future development and construction of the power system from a multi-dimensional perspective and devising an optimal planning scheme that includes optimizing encompassing energy transmission paths, control strategies for energy storage devices, and other aspects in order to ensure the coordinated and stable operation across various components of the power system and to enhance overall energy efficiency.…”

“…Mathematical Modeling: Employing precise mathematical expressions to articulate the intricate coupling relationships between source, grid, load, and storage within the new power system is essential. These models encompass multiple constraints and objective functions, including power balance, cost considerations, capacity allocation, demand response, and maximization of economic efficiency [75,76]. By applying suitable mathematical model-solving algorithms, we can derive scientifically valid planning solutions.…”

Towards Renewable-Dominated Power Systems Considering Long-Term Uncertainties: Case Study of Las Palmas

“…In [30], GSTEP is formulated considering a precise modeling of the technical constraints of generating units. Reference [31] proposes a mixed-integer linear formulation for the GSTEP placing also emphases in the mathematical modeling of the technical aspects of generating units. Finally, the authors of [32] compare the outcomes of different generation expansion models under uncertainty considering different number of decision stages.…”

An Efficient Testing Scheme for Power-Balanceability of Power System Including Controllable and Fluctuating Power Devices

“…The exhaustion of fossil fuels, a dynamic rise in power demand, together with gas emissions has encouraged the usage of renewable energy sources (RESs). Renewable energy sources e.g., wind and photovoltaic generation systems are an environmentally friendly alternative to the traditional power generation systems [1,2]. Nevertheless, the power generation from such power sources changes significantly or fluctuates due to their intermittent nature and weather conditions, which results in output power fluctuation that is not controllable [3].…”