Composite Materials for Hybrid Aerospace Gears

Waller, Matthew D.; McIntyre, Sean; Koudela, Kevin L.

doi:10.4050/jahs.65.042010

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Aeroshell 555 was selected for this study because it is known to affect certain polymers 41 and because rotorcraft gearboxes with hybrid steel/composite gears are an application for which BMI resins are presently being considered. 42 Traveler specimens with dimensions of 7.6 cm × 7.6 cm (3 in. × 3 in.)…”

Section: Environmental Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing and properties of low-temperature cure carbon fiber-reinforced bismaleimide composite

Waller

Bakis

Koudela

et al. 2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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Bismaleimide (BMI) resins are used in carbon fiber reinforced composites for high temperature applications. Conventional BMI resins require high cure and post-cure processing temperatures, which limit fabrication methods and contribute to residual stress and microcracking. Recently, BMIs with lower cure temperatures have been developed; however, little data on the properties of low-temperature cure carbon/BMI composites are available in the open literature. In this study, processing and properties of a low-temperature cure BMI resin system, referred to here as BMI-2, were evaluated. Along with evaluation of neat resin properties, multi-directional woven carbon fiber reinforced BMI-2 composite laminates were fabricated by an out-of-autoclave, vacuum-bag-only resin infusion method. New data on the mechanical, thermal, and moisture absorption properties are presented. It was found that the resin infusion method produced laminates with fiber volume fraction of approximately 55% and immeasurably low void content. BMI-2 was found to attain a degree of cure of 96% and glass transition temperature of 366°C following a 163°C cure cycle. Cured laminates did not suffer from process-induced cracking at the inter- or intra-laminar levels. Tensile strength and modulus of quasi-isotropic specimens with woven AS4 carbon fiber were 443 MPa and 47.6 GPa, respectively, and failure under quasi-static tension occurred by delamination. Compression strength was stable across a wide temperature range, with quasi-isotropic specimens retaining 60% of their room temperature compression strength at 260°C. Equilibrium moisture content of composite specimens was 1.2% by weight.

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Section: Environmental Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing and properties of low-temperature cure carbon fiber-reinforced bismaleimide composite

Waller

Bakis

Koudela

et al. 2022

Journal of Composite Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In recent years, the demands of mechanical transmission systems have increased to meet the higher performance requirements (e.g., thrust-to-weight ratio, reliability, and service life) in modern aerospace, ship, and automobile industry sectors. The surface quality of gears, as the key components of the above mentioned transmission systems, plays a crucial in uence on the service performance of whole systems [1][2][3][4]. At present, the grinding process is usually applied as the nal procedure to raise the dimension accuracy and surface integrity of gears [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the grinding performance of alumina wheels in ultrasonic vibration–assisted grinding of hardened GCr15 steel

Qiu

Zhao

Cao

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Composite manufacturing with multiple energy elds is an important source of processing technology innovation. In this work, comparative experiments on the conventional grinding (CG) and ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding (UVAG) of hardened GCr15 steel were conducted with WA wheel. The grinding wheel wear patterns and chips were characterized. In addition, grinding force, force ratio, and ground surface quality were investigated to evaluate wheel performance. Results illustrate that the interaction between abrasive grains and workpiece in UVAG process has the characteristics of high frequency and discontinuity. The wear property of abrasive grains is changed and the grinding force is decreased because the generation of micro-fracture in abrasive grains improves the grinding wheel self-sharpening.Better surface quality is obtained, the surface roughness is reduced by up to 18.96%, and the number of defects on the machined surface is reduced through the superior reciprocating ironing of UVAG.Accordingly, WA wheel performance is improved by UVAG.

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“…These materials could be advantageous for applications requiring stiff, fatigue-resistant, and thermally conductive composites, for example, the nascent steel/composite hybrid rotorcraft gear technology. 4 It is hypothesized by the authors that, despite their relatively low quasi-static strength, pitch-based carbon fiber composites may offer high fatigue strength due to the stiff fibers limiting strain in the polymer matrix. The objective of the study described herein is to test this hypothesis by comparing the fatigue resistance of equivalent pitch-and PAN-based quasiisotropic carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite laminates under cyclic, uniaxial tension-tension loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue resistance of ultra-high-modulus pitch-based carbon fiber/epoxy composites under tensile loading

Waller

Bakis

Koudela

2021

Journal of Composite Materials

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Pitch-based carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites are used in specialized applications for their high-modulus and thermal conductivity; however, little data on their fatigue performance are available in the open literature. In this study, fatigue behaviors of ultra-high-modulus pitch-based carbon fiber and standard-modulus polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fiber were compared in woven quasi-isotropic epoxy matrix composites subject to uniaxial tension. It was found that the pitch fiber composite possessed higher normalized tensile fatigue strength and that its stress-life ( S-N) curve is less steep. Extrapolation suggests the pitch fiber composite is more fatigue-resistant in higher cycle regimes (specifically, N > 107). Cyclic loading of the pitch fiber composite resulted in minimal matrix damage, and the eventual fractures were localized and fiber-dominated for all stress levels. Cyclic loading of the PAN fiber composites resulted in widespread matrix cracking and delamination. The difference in fatigue behavior is attributed to the different strain levels attained at similar stress levels and the consequent difference in matrix damage development.

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Composite Materials for Hybrid Aerospace Gears

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Processing and properties of low-temperature cure carbon fiber-reinforced bismaleimide composite

Processing and properties of low-temperature cure carbon fiber-reinforced bismaleimide composite

On the grinding performance of alumina wheels in ultrasonic vibration–assisted grinding of hardened GCr15 steel

Fatigue resistance of ultra-high-modulus pitch-based carbon fiber/epoxy composites under tensile loading

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