Composite right/left‐handed transmission lines in use for ultra‐wideband matching of front‐end amplifiers with modified cuckoo search optimization

Abstract

Summary In this work, the broadband capability of composite right/left‐handed transmission lines (CRLH TLs) in the balanced condition is exploited for ultra‐wideband matching of a compact single transistor front‐end amplifier. For this purpose, the LC element values and the number of identical asymmetric CRLH TL cells are taken as optimization variables. The minimum noise and maximum power delivery at each operation frequency of the chosen high technology transistor are considered as the feasible design target provided that the stability of the transistor is ensured. This feasible design target is expressed simply by a single objective function in terms of the port impedances of the input and output matching circuits together with the realization conditions of the CRLH TLs. Thus, human efforts for the design optimization process are reduced as much as possible. A novel metaheuristic algorithm ‘modified cuckoo search’ is used as a fast and accurate tool to find out ‘the global optimum’ within the feasible design variable space in the design procedure. In the study case, BPF640 is chosen as a high performance low‐noise microwave transistor. The design optimization results in a low‐noise amplifier using a single CRLH TL cell input and output matching circuits provided that a good agreement is obtained with the targetted performance and verified by Applied Wave Research, Inc. (AWR) simulation software. Thus, it can be concluded that CRLH TLs enable a designer to design high‐performance miniaturized low‐noise amplifiers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Competitive evolutionary algorithms for building performance database of a microwave transistor

“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] In the following sub-sections the DE, CS, and FF optimization algorithms are briefly given. However, mutual properties of these algorithms are that they are simple, efficient with a few control parameters and furthermore the superiority of these algorithms on the standard evolutionary algorithms such as GA, PSO have been shown in the computational and engineering applications.…”

“…Based on these 3 rules, the basic steps of the CS have been implemented successfully in design optimization of composite right left hand transmission line UWB matching circuits as compared with PSO and GA in Güneş et al 17 When generating new solutions x (t+1) for, say cuckoo i, a Levy flight is performed 14-17 Cuckoo search algorithm was inspired from the breeding behaviour of the cuckoo birds.…”

“…17 Parameters, n NestSize, Max_Iteration, p a , ε Req are following. Pseudo Code of Cuckoo Search Algorithm.…”

“…The DE algorithm is a population-based evolutionary optimization algorithm developed for the solution of real-valued numerical optimization problems [17][18][19][20] and has been found several significant applications to the optimization problems arising from diverse domains of science and engineering. It is a very effective global optimization algorithm using unlike traditional counterparts, difference of the parameter vectors to explore the objective function landscape.…”

“…In this paper, the final stage of PDB process is conducted as an optimization problem based on the full flexible performance characterization analysis given in Güneş and Demirel 8 using the competitive nature-inspired population-based algorithms differential evolution (DE), cuckoo search (CS), and firefly (FF) for their outstanding performances in terms of accuracy, fast convergence, and execution time [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] in this problem domain.…”