Composite Scattering of Ship on Sea Surface With Breaking Waves

Min, Zhang; Luo, Wei; Luo, Gen; Wang, Chao; Yin, Hongcheng

doi:10.2528/pier11100811

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The scattered wave vector is K es = e +q eẑ , where k e and q e are appropriate components of the scattered wave vector, respectively. q 0 and q can be expressed as [33,34]:…”

Section: Scattering Field Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scattering Analysis for Ship Kelvin Wakes on Two-Dimensional Linear and Nonlinear Sea Surfaces

Sun¹,

Min

Wang³

et al. 2013

PIER B

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Abstract-The ship Kelvin-wake models on two-dimensional (2-D) linear and nonlinear sea surfaces are combined with the second-order small-slope approximation method (SSA-II) to comparatively study the corresponding electromagnetic (EM) scattering characteristics. The nonlinear sea-surface models include the Choppy Wave Model (CWM) and the second-order Creamer model (Creamer (2)). Considering the limitations of using the ideal plane EM wave incident upon a rough sea surface of the limited size, the modified tapered wave is utilized as the incident wave to derive the scattering waves. Due to the fact that the nonlinear effects of Creamer (2) surfaces is obviously stronger than those of CWM surfaces, the bistatic normalized radar cross section (NRCS) calculated from Creamer (2) surfaces is significantly greater than that of its linear and CWM surfaces for scattering angles departing from the specular direction, and the backscattering coefficients from Creamer (2) surfaces are also the greatest except within quasi-specular (near vertical incidence) region. Moreover, for the linear and nonlinear sea surfaces, the influences of different wind speeds and directions on scattering characteristics are also calculated and analyzed in detail. However, taking the ship Kelvin wakes into account, the corresponding scattering features are obviously distinct from those of the single linear and nonlinear sea surfaces. This helps to provide a basis to extract the related ship information through the scattering characteristics of ship Kelvin wakes. Also it shows that the small-slope approximation method is a very effective analysis method to deal with the EM scattering from the rough sea surface.

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“…The scattered wave vector is K es = e +q eẑ , where k e and q e are appropriate components of the scattered wave vector, respectively. q 0 and q can be expressed as [33,34]:…”

Section: Scattering Field Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scattering Analysis for Ship Kelvin Wakes on Two-Dimensional Linear and Nonlinear Sea Surfaces

Sun¹,

Min

Wang³

et al. 2013

PIER B

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“…The equivalent currents are assumed to exist on the edge of the loop, and the target scattering field is expressed as [20] …”

Section: Direct Scattering Of Target and Sea Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Backscattering From Electrically Large Target Above Nonlinear Sea Surface

Luo¹,

Yang²,

Hao³

2017

PIER M

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Abstract-The composite scattering of an electrically large target above nonlinear sea surface is analyzed based on the reciprocity theorem. The two-dimensional nonlinear sea surface is simulated with the Fast Fourier transform (FFT), with which the phase modified two-scale method is utilized to calculate the scattering field of the wind-driven sea surface. The electromagnetic currents of the sea surface, which are excited with plane wave, are calculated with the iterated Kirchhoff approximation (KA). The coupling scattering between the target and the sea surface, which includes the complex scattering matrix of composite scattering, is ingeniously reduced to the integrals involving the target scattering and high order currents of sea surface. A sensitivity analysis is performed for the dependency of the coupling scattering on the target features. The relationship of the full composite scattering model with the sea state is examined, which provides theoretical basis for the target recognition.

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“…The scattered wave vector is K s = +qẑ, where k and q are appropriate components of the scattered wave vector, respectively. q 0 and q can be expressed as [29,30]:…”

Section: Scattering Field Theory Of Rough Surface In Ssamentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Electromagnetic Scattering From Ship Wakes on Pec Sea Surfaces by the Small-Slope Approximation Theory

Sun¹,

Min²,

Wang³

et al. 2012

PIER

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Abstract-Electromagnetic (EM) scattering properties from the ship wakes on the two-dimensional (2-D) perfect electric conductor (PEC) sea surfaces are studied by utilizing the small-slope approximation (SSA) theory. Considering the limitations of using the ideal plane EM wave incident upon a rough sea surface of the limited size, the expressions of the scattered field and scattering amplitude are derived by utilizing the modified tapered incident field. Based on a simplified segmented ocean spectrum model, the bistatic and monostatic normalized radar cross sections (NRCS) from the PEC sea surfaces with and without ship wakes are calculated, respectively. Meanwhile, the variation of scattering coefficient as scattering angles is given and compared under different polarization states. The results show that the scattering from the PEC sea surfaces with ship wakes is evidently different from that without them in bistatic and monostatic scattering. This provides a basis to extract ship wake characteristics. Also it shows that the SSA is a very effective analysis method to deal with the EM scattering from the rough sea surface. Finally, the effect of different tapered factors on backscattering coefficient is discussed, and it is concluded that an artificial reflection from the boundaries and a scattering upwarping from low-grazing incidence can be avoided just when the tapered factor is relatively smaller. This gives the theoretical basis for the analysis of EM scattering characteristics of ship wakes on the PEC sea surface.

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Composite Scattering of Ship on Sea Surface With Breaking Waves

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Scattering Analysis for Ship Kelvin Wakes on Two-Dimensional Linear and Nonlinear Sea Surfaces

Scattering Analysis for Ship Kelvin Wakes on Two-Dimensional Linear and Nonlinear Sea Surfaces

Backscattering From Electrically Large Target Above Nonlinear Sea Surface

Study of Electromagnetic Scattering From Ship Wakes on Pec Sea Surfaces by the Small-Slope Approximation Theory

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