Composite tuff ring/cone complexes in Jeju Island, Korea: possible consequences of substrate collapse and vent migration

Sohn, Young Kwan; Park, Ki Hwa

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.10.003

Cited by 98 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The arc-shape of the strata suggests that these deposits once formed a circular landform over 200 m in radius of which only one quarter is preserved, though the original shape in map view may not have been circular (Sohn and Park, 2005). We interpret the bedded succession as the remnants of a tuff ring that partially slumped down into the vent complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Geological evolution of the Coombs–Allan Hills area, Ferrar large igneous province, Antarctica: Debris avalanches, mafic pyroclastic density currents, phreatocauldrons

Ross

White

McClintock

2008

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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The Jurassic Ferrar large igneous province of Antarctica comprises igneous intrusions, flood lavas, and mafic volcaniclastic deposits (now lithified). The latter rocks are particularly diverse and well-exposed in the Coombs-Allan Hills area of South Victoria Land, where they are assigned to the Mawson Formation. In this paper we use these rocks in conjunction with the pre-Ferrar sedimentary rocks (Beacon Supergroup) and the lavas themselves (Kirkpatrick Basalt) to reconstruct the geomorphological and geological evolution of the landscape. In the Early Jurassic, the surface of the region was an alluvial plain, with perhaps 1 km of mostly continental siliciclastic sediments underlying it. After the fall of silicic ash from an unknown but probably distal source, mafic magmatism of the Ferrar province began. The oldest record of this event at Allan Hills is a ≤180 m-thick debris avalanche deposit (member m 1 of the Mawson Formation) which contains globular domains of mafic igneous rock. These domains are inferred to represent dismembered Ferrar intrusions emplaced in the source area of the debris avalanche; shallow emplacement of Ferrar magmas caused a slope failure that mobilized the uppermost Beacon Supergroup, and the silicic ash deposits, into a pre-existing valley or basin.The period which followed ('Mawson time') was the main stage for explosive eruptions in the Ferrar province, and several cubic kilometres of both new magma and sedimentary rock were fragmented over many years. Phreatomagmatic explosions were the dominant fragmentation mechanism, with magma-water interaction taking place in both sedimentary aquifers and existing vents filled by volcaniclastic debris. At Coombs Hills, a vent complex or 'phreatocauldron' was formed by coalescence of diatreme-like structures; at Allan Hills, member m 2 of the Mawson Formation consists mostly of thick, coarse-grained, poorly sorted layers inferred to represent the lithified deposits of pyroclastic density currents. Meanwhile at Carapace Nunatak, mafic clasts were mixed with detrital material to form the Carapace Sandstone in alluvial and eventually lacustrine environments.Eruptions then became largely effusive, producing hundreds of metres of flood lavas that covered the landscape ('Kirkpatrick time'). In places, lava flowed into ephemeral lakes to form pillow-palagonite breccias (base of sequence, Carapace Nunatak) or pillow lavas (top of sequence, Coombs Hills). Several generations of Ferrrar intrusions were emplaced during the course of these events; at least three can be distinguished based on field relations. New geochemical data indicates that for the Ferrar province, magma involved in the explosive eruptions had the same major element composition as that which produced shallow intrusions and lavas. We also note the possibility that flood lavas were fed by plugs cross-cutting the Mawson Formation at Coombs Hills, rather than by major dikes extending to the surface. Finally, we infer that eruption plumes were limited to the troposphere and that direct...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Geological evolution of the Coombs–Allan Hills area, Ferrar large igneous province, Antarctica: Debris avalanches, mafic pyroclastic density currents, phreatocauldrons

Ross

White

McClintock

2008

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…Clearly the unconsolidated material cannot sustain vertical walls very long and the crater will growth laterally due to collapse on various scales, either during the eruption or afterwards (Sohn and Park, 2005;Pirrung et al, 2008;Martín-Serrano et al, 2009). Another explanation for large craters is lateral vent migration (Sohn and Park, 2005;Ort and Carrasco-Núñez, 2009). …”

Section: Maars In Soft Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emplacement of maars in hard substrates is relatively well known, for example in the West Eifel volcanic field (e.g., Lorenz, 1987;Büchel, 1993;Lorenz and Zimanowski, 2008), but maars emplaced in soft substrates, or mixed substrates -where hydrologic conditions may be more complex -are less well documented (although see for example White, 1991;Sohn, 1996;and Sohn and Park, 2005). Specifically, there exists a shortage of contributions presenting single maars or maar complexes and their soft or mixed substrates in detail in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the substrate on maar–diatreme volcanoes — An example of a mixed setting from the Pali Aike volcanic field, Argentina

Ross

Delpit

Haller

et al. 2011

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

101

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The morphologic parameters, pyroclastic deposits and evolution of maar-diatreme volcanoes are affected by the type of environment in which they are emplaced. End-member cases are a hard substrate (rocks) and a soft substrate (unconsolidated volcaniclastic or sedimentary deposits). In this paper, we present an example of a volcanic complex emplaced in a mixed hard-soft setting from the Pali Aike volcanic field (PAVF) near the Argentina-Chile border. The PlioPleistocene PAVF is an alkaline, mafic, back-arc monogenetic field which contains over 100 phreatomagmatic volcanoes. The studied volcanic complex contains two large coalescent maars overlain by scoria and spatter. The 1.4x1.3 km East Maar has better exposures than the shallower, 1.9 km-wide West Maar and seems to have been less modified by post-eruptive processes. The tephra rim of the East Maar was studied in detail and we infer it was produced mostly by base surges from phreatomagmatic eruption columns, with rare instances of intercalated scoria fall layers. Based on regional information, the general pre-maar stratigraphy is dominated by sedimentary and volcaniclastic rocks of the Magallanes Basin, including a thick poorly consolidated upper unit dating from the Miocene. These are overlain by Plio-Pleistocene fluvio-glacial deposits and PAVF lavas, some of which are exposed in the East Maar just below the phreatomagmatic deposits. All of these units are represented as lithic clasts in the tephra rim of the East Maar, the most abundant being the clasts from the earlier basaltic lavas and rock fragments derived from the glacial deposits. There is no specific evidence for a deep diatreme under the East Maar, and in this particular case, the mixed environment seems to have produced a maar-diatreme volcano typical of a soft substrate.

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“…While these type of aquifers are end-members, in nature some sort of combination of these basic types form the zone that magma encounters in the upper few hundreds of metres of its to the surface. We can express the type of aquifers beneath a volcanic field to define the dominant behaviour type, such as soft-substrate versus hard-substrate aquifers (Lorenz, 2003;Sohn & Park, 2005;Auer et al, 2007;Németh et al, 2010;Ross et al, 2011). For a global comparison, the WPB's volcanic fields are compared with other localities that are erupted through an aquifer defined as a combined substrate type (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Monogenetic Volcanic Fields of the Western Pannonian Basin: Their Field Characteristics and Outlook for Future Research from a Global Perspective

Németh¹

2012

Updates in Volcanology - A Comprehensive Approach to Volcanological Problems

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Composite tuff ring/cone complexes in Jeju Island, Korea: possible consequences of substrate collapse and vent migration

Cited by 98 publications

References 41 publications

Geological evolution of the Coombs–Allan Hills area, Ferrar large igneous province, Antarctica: Debris avalanches, mafic pyroclastic density currents, phreatocauldrons

Geological evolution of the Coombs–Allan Hills area, Ferrar large igneous province, Antarctica: Debris avalanches, mafic pyroclastic density currents, phreatocauldrons

Influence of the substrate on maar–diatreme volcanoes — An example of a mixed setting from the Pali Aike volcanic field, Argentina

An Overview of the Monogenetic Volcanic Fields of the Western Pannonian Basin: Their Field Characteristics and Outlook for Future Research from a Global Perspective

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