Composites based on (ethylene–propylene) copolymer and olive solid waste: Rheological, thermal, mechanical, and morphological behaviors

Abstract

In the olive oil‐producing countries, large quantities of olive solid waste are dumped in nature causing several environmental problems. Therefore, the use of this by‐product as filler in (ethylene–propylene) matrix could be an effective way to reduce significantly the quantities of the disposed biomass and elaborate a cost‐effective material. However, the hydrophilic nature of this natural filler decreases the compatibility with the hydrophobic matrix. To improve the interfacial adhesion, maleated polypropylene was added as a compatibilizing agent. In a first step, the influence of the filler loading on the rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties was investigated. Composites with various filler contents were prepared by melt blending using a twin‐screw extruder and injection molding. The filler addition led to an increase of the viscoelastic properties and the crystallinity degree. Then, the coupling agent (MAPP) was reported to enhance the rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties of the composites up to a critical amount beyond which the plasticizing effect becomes more predominant than the reinforcing effect, a fact that could be responsible for the decrease of viscoelastic properties, crystallinity, and mechanical properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:27–35, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

Copper/Nickel-Decorated Olive Pit Biochar: One Pot Solid State Synthesis for Environmental Remediation

“…The remaining olive oil was further treated with hexane, and the remaining solid olive waste was dried to evaporate water. The resulting residue was cryo-ground to fine particles (in the 60-400 µm range) [15]. The OPs employed in this work contain fat and wax: 10; pectine: 6.6; lignin: 16; hemicellulose: 43; ash: 2; and cellulose: 22.4 wt.% as determined by French Standard method NFT12-011 (equivalent to ISO 638).…”

“…Carbothermal production is another process that is mostly employed for recycling used batteries [13], although it has recently also been extended to designing carbon-loaded catalysts [14]. Olive stones are also widely valorized agrowastes, e.g., as biofillers for polymer composites [15,16]. In 2017, olive stone powders were used as biosourced cellulosic supports of silver and gold nanoparticles, and the final olive pit-supported nanocatalysts facilitated the degradation of para-nitrophenol [17].…”

Copper/nickel-Decorated Olive Pit Biochar: One Pot Solid State Synthesis for Environmental Remediation

“…The remaining olive oil was further treated with hexane and the remaining solid olive waste dried to evaporate water. The resulting residue was cryo-ground to fine particles (in the 60-400 μm range) [11]. The OPs employed in this work contain fat and wax: 10; pectine: 6.6; lignin: 16; hemicellulose: 43; ash: 2; and cellulose: 22.4 wt.%.…”

“…This approach is attractive and has been seldom reported; it concerned the design of rice husk biocharimmobilized copper metallic nanocatalysts for the catalytic cracking of biomass primary tar [10]. Olive stones are also widely agrowastes and could serve as biofillers for polymer composites [11,12]. In 2017, some of us employed olive stone powders as biosourced cellulosic support of silver and gold nanoparticles and the final olive pit-supported nanocatalysts served for the degradation of para-nitrophenol [13].…”

Biocomposites based on polylactic acid and olive solid waste fillers: Effect of two compatibilization approaches on the physicochemical, rheological, and mechanical properties

“…After extracting the olive oil, there remained a solid residue which was treated with hexane to recover the remaining oil and dried to evaporate water. The solid residue was then grinded into fine particles measured about 200 mm [21]. The bulk density of OSW particles is 1.2.…”