Composites from ground chicken quill and polypropylene

Huda, Shah; Yang, Yiqi

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.08.015

Cited by 130 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…During the last decade, an increasing amount of research has been published involving keratin fibers from chicken feather with synthetic polymers, such as grafting with polymethylmethacrylate [19,20] and polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate [21]; composites with polyethylene [22,23], polypropylene [24][25][26], polymethylmethacrylate [27], polyurethane [28] and phenol-formaldehyde [29], among others [18], however there are only few related to keratin fibers and biopolymers [30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All Green Composites from Fully Renewable Biopolymers: Chitosan-Starch Reinforced with Keratin from Feathers

et al. 2014

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Abstract:The performance as reinforcement of a fibrillar protein such as feather keratin fiber over a biopolymeric matrix composed of polysaccharides was evaluated in this paper. Three different kinds of keratin reinforcement were used: short and long biofibers and rachis particles. These were added separately at 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% to the chitosan-starch matrix and the composites were processed by a casting/solvent evaporation method. The morphological characteristics, mechanical and thermal properties of the matrix and composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. The thermal results indicated that the addition of keratin enhanced the thermal stability of the composites compared to pure matrix. This was corroborated with dynamic mechanical analysis as the results revealed that the storage modulus of the composites increased with respect to the pure matrix. The morphology, evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, indicated a uniform dispersion of keratin in the chitosan-starch matrix as a result of good compatibility between these biopolymers, also corroborated by FTIR. These results demonstrate that chicken feathers can be useful to obtain novel keratin reinforcements and develop new green composites providing better properties, than the original biopolymer matrix.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All Green Composites from Fully Renewable Biopolymers: Chitosan-Starch Reinforced with Keratin from Feathers

et al. 2014

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“…The stacked layers of webs were placed between two aluminium foils and then compression molded in a Carver press at 380 °F for 140 s. The temperature and time of processing the composites with PP matrix were optimized in our previous research. 2,3 The thickness of the composites was controlled using metal spacers to make composites with a density of 0.47 g cm −3 , necessary for many applications. After heating, the press was immediately cooled with cold water and the composites were collected.…”

Section: Composite Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5] For lightweight composites, the density of the composite is much lower than the combined densities of the reinforcing and matrix polymers leading to the creation of inherent voids. The presence of voids results in lightweight composites with inferior mechanical properties compared to similar consolidated composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chicken feathers (0.9 g cm −3 ) and biomass such as cornhusks (ca 1.2 g cm −3 ) that have low density have been used as reinforcement for lightweight composites. [2][3][4][5] Although their relatively high density restricts the use of natural cellulose fibers in lightweight automotive composites, natural cellulose fibers extracted from various biomasses such as cotton stalks and used as reinforcement in lightweight composites provide similar mechanical properties to polypropylene (PP) composites as jute fibers. 6 Milkweed floss is a unique natural fiber with a low density of about 0.9 g cm −3 due to the presence of a completely hollow center.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non‐traditional lightweight polypropylene composites reinforced with milkweed floss

Reddy

Yang

2010

Polymer International

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Lightweight composites are preferred for automotive applications due to the weight restrictions and also due to the presence of inherent voids that can enhance the sound absorption of these composites. The density of the reinforcing materials plays a crucial role in such lightweight composites. Milkweed is a unique natural cellulose fiber that has a completely hollow center and low density (0.9 g cm−3) unlike any other natural cellulose fiber. The low density of milkweed fibers will allow the incorporation of higher amounts of fiber per unit weight of a composite, which is expected to lead to lightweight composites with better properties. Polypropylene (PP) composites reinforced with milkweed fibers have much better flexural and tensile properties than similar PP composites reinforced with kenaf fibers. Milkweed fiber‐reinforced composites have much higher strength but are stiffer than kenaf fiber‐reinforced PP composites. Increasing the proportion of milkweed in the composites from 35 to 50% increases the flexural strength but decreases the tensile strength. The low density of milkweed fibers allows the incorporation of higher amounts of fibers per unit weight of the composites and hence provides better properties compared to composites reinforced with common cellulose fibers with relatively high density. This research shows that low‐density reinforcing materials can more efficiently reinforce lightweight composites. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…Many are about natural-fiber-reinforced ones because of the structure of natural fibers that cannot be converted into long fibers. Waste-based, 2 synthetic-based, 3 plant-based [4][5][6][7] and animal-based [8][9][10][11][12] fibers have been studied by many researchers. Experimental studies are substantially important to get the highest efficiency from the random discontinuous short-fiber-reinforced composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of the elastic moduli of chicken-feather-reinforced PLA and a comparison with experimental results

Özmen¹,

Baba²

2016

Mater. Tehnol.

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The purpose of this study is to obtain the elastic moduli, the key material property, of random discontinuous fiber composites with experiments and micromechanical models and to compare them. The proposed study makes it possible to assess the elastic moduli of chicken-feather fiber (CFF)/PLA green composites with different CFF mass fractions and to determine the feasibility of the micromechanical models for the CFF/PLA composites. For this purpose, initially, CFF/PLA composites including 2, 5 or 10 % chicken-feather mass fractions were extruded and standard tensile specimens for ISO 527 were formed with the injection-molding method. Tensile tests were carried out in accordance with the standards and the elastic moduli were calculated using the stress-strain curve. Then, using six different micromechanical models, the elastic moduli of the CFF/PLA composites with different mass fractions were calculated and compared with the experimental results. The results of the experiments and the models indicated that the presence of chicken feather increased the elastic moduli of all the composites in comparison with the pure PLA. According to the experimental data, the maximum increase in the elastic moduli of the composites with the presence of CFF was found to be 5.4 %. The maximum error in the prediction is about 16.8 % for the composite with a chicken-feather rate of 10 % when Manera's model is used. Among the micromechanical models, the ones that gave more converging results for the prediction of the elastic moduli of the CFF/PLA composites are Pan's 2-D, IROM (the inverse rule of mixtures), Nielsen-Chen and Halpin-Tsai models. A comparison of the results of these six models shows that the maximum deviation (the percentage error in prediction) is the smallest (1.4 %) for the Nielsen-Chen model. Therefore, the Nielsen-Chen model is the most appropriate model for the prediction of the elastic moduli of the CFF/PLA composites. Keywords: chicken feather, PLA, green composite, micromechanical models Namen te {tudije je dobiti module elasti~nosti kot glavne lastnosti materiala, kompozitov z naklju~nimi vlakni, z eksperimenti in z mikromehanskimi modeli ter njihova primerjava. Predlagana {tudija bo omogo~ila dolo~itev modula elasti~nosti kompozita iz vlaken pi{~an~jega perja (CFF)/PLA, z razli~nim masnim dele`em CFF in ugotoviti izvedljivost mikromehanskih modelov za CFF/PLA kompozite. V ta namen so bili najprej kompoziti CFF/PLA z 2 %, 5 % in 10 % pi{~an~jih peres, ekstrudirani in izdelani so bili standardni natezni preizku{anci po ISO 527, z metodo brizganja v formo. Natezni preizkusi so bili izvr{eni v skladu s standardom in modul elasti~nosti je bil izra~unan iz krivulje napetost-raztezek. Nato so bili izra~unani moduli elasti~nosti kompozita CFF/PLA, z uporabo {estih razli~nih mikromehanskih modelov in primerjani z rezultati preizkusov. Rezultati preizkusov in modelov so pokazali, da prisotnost pi{~an~jih peres pove~a modul elasti~nosti vseh kompozitov, v primerjavi s~istim PLA. Eksperimentalni podatki so pokazali, da j...

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Composites from ground chicken quill and polypropylene

Cited by 130 publications

References 6 publications

All Green Composites from Fully Renewable Biopolymers: Chitosan-Starch Reinforced with Keratin from Feathers

All Green Composites from Fully Renewable Biopolymers: Chitosan-Starch Reinforced with Keratin from Feathers

Non‐traditional lightweight polypropylene composites reinforced with milkweed floss

Prediction of the elastic moduli of chicken-feather-reinforced PLA and a comparison with experimental results

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