Composition and Anti-Cyanobacterial Activity of Essential Oils from Six Different Submerged Macrophytes

Abstract

Allelochemicals from macrophytes or other organisms that inhibit microalgal growth have gained great interest due to their environmental potential as algaecides in controlling water blooms or red tide [1]. In aquatic ecosystems, varieties of submerged macrophytes were found to effectively inhibit the growth of blue-green algae [2]. For example, Myriophyllum spicatum [3][4][5], Vallisneria spiralis [2], Potamogeton crispus [6], Ceratophyllum demersum, and Najas marina [7] showed allelopathic effects on nuisance algae. Xian et al. [2] found that six allelochemicals (2-ethyl-3-methylmaleimide, dihydroactinidiolide, 4-oxo-β-ionone, 3-hydroxy-5, 6-epoxy-β-ionone, loliolide, and 6-hydroxy-3-oxo-α-ionone) and an unknown compound from V. spiralis had strong inhibitory effects on Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz. M. spicatum could release ellagic acid, gallic acid, pyrogallic acid, (+)-catechin, hydrolyzable tannin (eugeniin) and β-1,2,3-tri-O-galloyl-4,6-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-D-glucose (tellimagrandin II) into the culture solution, which inhibits the growth of M. aeruginosa Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 24, No. 1 (2015), [333][334][335][336][337][338] AbstractEutrophication of water due to pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems. The occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic lakes, reservoirs, and recreational waters has become a worldwide problem. The inhibitory allelopathy of plants on harmful algae, which has drawn extensive attention recently, is low-cost and ecologically safe, and some good results have been reported. In this study, volatile organic compounds as major allelochemicals have been isolated from some aquatic plants and identified. The chemical compositions of essential oil isolated from Potamogeton cristatus, Potamogeton maackianus, Potamogeton lucens, Vallisneria spinulosa, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Hydrilla verticillata were analyzed by GC/MS. Thirty components were identified in the oils, mainly including fatty acids, ester, sterol, and ketone, etc. Inhibitory effects of essential oils on Microcystis aeruginosa were also investigated. The inhibition ratio of essential oils on M. aeruginosa was 30.2-41.7% when the treatment concentration of extracts was at a level of 50.0 mg/L. Hence, the essential oils isolated exhibited a significant anti-cyanobacterial activity.

Chemical Composition, Algicidal, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oils of Taiwania flousiana Gaussen

“…Recently, algicidal polyphenolic p-hydroxybenzoic acid, coumarin, and fatty acids have been isolated from different plants [50][51][52]. Wang et al [53] reported the algicidal activities of essential oils from six plant species, namely, Potamogeton cristatus, Potamogeton maackianus, Potamogeton lucens, Vallisneria spinulosa, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Hydrilla verticillata. The inhibition rates of essential oils on M. aeruginosa were 30.2-41.7% at a concentration of 50.0 µg/mL.…”

Potential Use of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Essential Oil as Anti-Bacterial and Anti -Algal

“…Wang et al [14] were investigated the antibacterial activity of rosemary essential oil on K. Pneumoniae in aiding of MIC technique, the results exhibited a remarkable impact on the biofilm of this bacteria by inhibition the initial cell attachment. Essential oil of rosemary showed antagonistic activity against 60 strains of multidrug resistant E.coli isolated from many specimens: the respiratory tract, abdominal cavity, urinary tract, skin and from hospital equipment.…”

Assessing the Effects of Grass Carp Excretion and Herbivory of Submerged Macrophytes on Water Quality and Zooplankton Communities

“…Therefore, concentrations of chl a, usually representative of phytoplankton biomass, remain high in HERB-EXCR. In contrast, the low concentrations of chl a in EXCR may be a result of submerged macrophytes inhibiting the growth of phytoplankton through competition for light, nutrients, and/or allelopathic effects [34][35][36].…”