Composition and construction in experts' and novices' weaving design

Seitamaa-Hakkarainen, Pirita; Hakkarainen, Kai

doi:10.1016/s0142-694x(99)00038-1

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Although an analysis of a significant number of companies and practitioners would undoubtedly address this, it is outside the scope of this paper. As such, this work can be seen as extending and testing existing comparative work by adopting a context focus and using a mixed methods approach (Ahmed, et al, 2003;Kavakli & Gero, 2002;Seitamaa--Hakkarainen & Hakkarainen, 2001). The small size of the student sample was considered sufficient due to the exploratory nature of the study outlined here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atman et al (1999) attribute lower idea production in experts to the more efficient nature of the experienced design process. It is argued that experienced designers are more capable of parallel thinking (Seitamaa--Hakkarainen & Hakkarainen, 2001) and have more structured cognitive processes (Kavakli & Gero, 2002). Due to these skills, less iteration is needed to achieve an acceptable result, in contrast to the novices typical 'trial and error' approach (Ahmed, et al, 2003).…”

Section: Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of designer activity using core design situations in the laboratory and practice

2013

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. A comparison of designer activity using core design situations in the laboratory and practice. Design Studies, 34(5), 575--611. DOI: 10.1016DOI: 10. /j.destud.2013 A comparison of designer activity using core design situations in the laboratory and practice Philip A comparison of designer activity using core design situations in the laboratory and practiceIn 2011 one quarter of all articles published in Design Studies and the Journal of EngineeringDesign used experimental studies. However, there is little work exploring the relationship between laboratory and practice. This paper addresses this by detailing an analysis of designer activity in three situations commonly studied by design researchers: information seeking, ideation and design review. This comparison is instantiated through three complementary studies: an observational study of practice and two experimental studies.These reveal a range of similarities and differences that are described using a mixed methods approach. Based on this it is concluded that laboratory studies are important research tools and that clear and definable relationships do exist between design activity in practice and the laboratory.Keywords: experiment; designer activity; practice; laboratory; research methodsExperimental studies play a key role in design research, accounting for a quarter of all articles in Design Studies (7 out of 28) and the Journal of Engineering Design (9 out of 40) in 2011. However, practitioners often perceive there to be a dichotomy between fundamental experimental study and applied, practice based, design research. Friedman (2000) states that "Practitioners sometimes reject vital streams of research while seeking solutions that do work" (p.22). This perspective is further elaborated by Edmonds et al. (2005) who suggest that the underlying failing of experimental study is that the subject is not design practice itself but actually a simulation of practice in an contrived context. As such, a key point of contention can be characterised as the unknown affect that simulation and contrived context have on designer activity.This type of issue also appears in many fields related to design research. For example, Eifert et al. (1999), in behavioural research, state that the relevance of laboratory based research has been understated due to the gap in understanding external validity. Further, both Bonetti et al. (2010) in behavioural research andMarsden (2007) in education research have adopted the approach of developing intermediary studies -taking an experimental approach into a practice 2 context - in order to directly address this gap. Bolton and Ockenfels (2008) describe this as losing control in a controlled way. Although this approach can be important it is most effective when based on substantive theory, allowing key factors to be controlled as well as offering predictions to be examined (Levitt & List, 2007). As little predictive theory is currently available in design research the authors argue that as a field, we are not yet ready to fully adopt ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of designer activity using core design situations in the laboratory and practice

2013

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“…Although this focused on bringing together research perspectives, it was limited to micro--scale features and was fundamentally informed by the designer level perspective. Also consider the debates surrounding differences between practitioners and students (Ahmed, Wallace, & Blessing, 2003;Kavakli & Gero, 2002;Seitamaa--Hakkarainen & Hakkarainen, 2001). Here there are many comparisons at each scale but few studies bridging experimental and longitudinal data in order to more fully understand the implications of short--term differentiation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Activity Theory as a means for multi-scale analysis of the engineering design process: A protocol study of design in practice

2015

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“…This points to potential explanations for previously identified, but not fully explained phenomena, such as, differentiation between experts and novices (Ahmed et al, 2003;Seitamaa--Hakkarainen and Hakkarainen, 2001). In particular a relationship has been found between, design development, co--evolution, and ideation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Thus, it is possible to expand the work of Seitamaa--Hakkarainen and Hakkarainen (2001) into the technical domain and tie this parallel process concept directly to design development and ideation performance. Although Team 1 did not display the same degree of rapid iteration, they also progressed each of the observed elements in parallel, suggesting a more complex system than initially described by Seitamaa--Hakkarainen and Hakkarainen (2001). In particular the two teams illustrate an interesting phenomenon of process interaction.…”

Section: A Holistic View Of Ideationmentioning

confidence: 79%

Multifaceted assessment of ideation: using networks to link ideation and design activity

Cash

Štorga

2015

Journal of Engineering Design

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Ideation is core to the innovation process, and has been the subject of study across a range of fields, from psychology to engineering. However, despite substantial progress in outcome--based descriptions of idea generation, research has often resulted in more questions than answers. For example, open questions remain with respect to the differences in behaviour related to ideation between novices and experts, the change in rates of ideation over time in different design teams, and the changing role of ideation from conceptual to detailed design. In each of these cases robust explanation has proved elusive due to difficulties in characterising the ideation process itself. This paper discusses a major new approach for elucidating ideation and its related design processes through direct observation. A novel network visualization approach is demonstrated in practice for the first time. This uses network analysis to link ideas dynamically to both the engineering context and the wider design process. This linking analysis gives substantial new insight into what drives ideation and how previously inscrutable results can potentially be explained by linking ideation into other design processes.Keywords: creativity and innovation; human creativity; psychology of creativity; descriptive models of the design process; empirical study To cite this article : Philip Cash & Mario Štorga (2015): Multifaceted assessment of ideation: using networks to link ideation and design activity, Journal of Engineering Design, DOI: 10.1080DOI: 10. /09544828.2015 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2015.1070813 2 IntroductionIdea generation is the foundation of innovation and forms the basis for much of new product development and business growth (Chulvi et al. 2012; López--Mesa et al. 2011). This key role has driven an on--going focus on understanding and supporting ideation in practice (Lopez--Mesa et al. 2009;Kudrowitz and Wallace 2013). There have been numerous studies of ideation processes in both cognitive science, and design and innovation (Dorst and Cross, 2001). However, models in cognition have typically been derived from controlled laboratory experiments using simple, isolated tasks (Kirk, 2009). These bear little similarity to ideation in the real world context where there are multiple interacting processes (Spitas 2011).Conversely, more realistic tasks have difficulty discriminating the numerous processes at work due to limitations in measurement approaches (Vargas--Hernandez, Shah, and Smith, 2010). These more 'real world' studies can struggle to generalise their results across contexts due to difficulties in drawing relations between interacting process elements (Kitchenham, 1996). This is highlighted by works such as Schlecht and Yang (2014) where ideation is a key element, but the mechanisms by which it occurs are difficult to assess due to a reliance on outcome--based metrics, such as, number of ideas or quality. In both cases, the reliance on outcome measures means that suggestions for process improv...

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Composition and construction in experts' and novices' weaving design

Cited by 43 publications

References 8 publications

A comparison of designer activity using core design situations in the laboratory and practice

A comparison of designer activity using core design situations in the laboratory and practice

Activity Theory as a means for multi-scale analysis of the engineering design process: A protocol study of design in practice

Multifaceted assessment of ideation: using networks to link ideation and design activity

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