Composition and Digestibility of Corn Silage as Affected by Fertilizer Rate and Plant Population

Alexander, R. A.; Hentges, J. F.; Robertson, William; Barden, G. A.; McCall, John T.

doi:10.2527/jas1963.2215

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…There are very few reports of comparative quality assessments on maize grown at differing densities (see Coppock & Stone, 1968;Owen, 1967). Alexander et al (1963) found a decrease in percentage digestible dry matter with increasing density, but this was very much less than the increase recorded in dry matter production, and although Nandpuri (1963) reported a reduction in protein content at higher densities, maximum protein output was obtained with the highest population studied. The only detailed British study (Thomson & Rogers, 1968) suggests that increasing density from 10-8 pl/m 2 to 21 • 6 pl/m 2 will have only marginal effects on quality components.…”

Section: Lodgingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Plant density and yield of shoot dry material in maize in England

Bunting¹

1971

J. Agric. Sci.

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Yields of shoot dry material of maize at harvest in September or October are reported for 19 experiments involving differing plant densities within the range 3-36 pl/m 2 . The experiments were conducted at the Oxford University Field Station on a freely drained clay loam soil, adequately supplied with nutrients, in the years 1953-55, 1957-60, 1962-70. In one experiment, in the very dry season of 1964, yield/unit area recorded at a density of 14 pl/m 2 was significantly higher than that obtained with a density of 31 pl/m 2 , but in all other experiments a satisfactory fit to the data was obtained with the asymptotic relationship between yield/unit area and density given by the equation w-1 = a,+flp, where w -weight per plant and p = density/unit area. The values of the parameters in this model give an indication of asymptotic yield ( §~l) and of potential yield per plant when free from competitive stress (a -1 ). The estimated values of the parameters are given for the individual experiments, and comparisons are then made between the estimates obtained for contrasting varieties in seven experiments and for relatively early flowering European hybrids (Foliant & Inra 200) in ten different seasons.In direct comparisons between varieties, similar estimates of /? were obtained for a very late variety (White Horsetooth) and much earlier flowering varieties of American (Wis. 275A) or European (Foliant) origin, but estimated values of a for White Horsetooth were lower than for Foliant and much lower than for Wis. 275A. Mean parameter values have been used to predict yield response to density in the differing varieties and the practical implications discussed.Estimated values of /? in the model fitted to data for early European hybrids in differing seasons indicate that asymptotic yield of shoot dry material will be sharply lower in dry seasons, averaging 142 hkg/ha, than in seasons of more adequate rainfall, with an average of 187 hkg/ha. Values of a, however, were lower in the drier seasons, and it is suggested that this reflects the fact that drier seasons in Britain are normally warmer.Differences in spatial arrangement of plants were obtained by variations in row width, between 30 and 100 cm, or by changes in rectangularity -the ratio of the distances b etween rows and between plants in the row -from 1 to 9. Within these limits the pattern of yield response to density was not significantly affected, and at densities of 10-15 pl/m 2 the average increment in yield associated with more even spacing was less than 5%.From the viewpoint of productivity, the predicted yield/density response curves show that a density of at least 10 pl/m 2 is required for maize grown for fodder or silage in this country and, under irrigation or in areas where rainfall is less likely to be limiting, a density of 15 pl/m 2 is preferable. Information on the effect of plant density on quality components in maize forage is surprisingly limited, but it is suggested that the fear of serious lodging at very high plant populations, rather than any ...

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Section: Lodgingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Plant density and yield of shoot dry material in maize in England

Bunting¹

1971

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…Five plots, each of forty-four plants, were environmental variables have been examined by harvested to provide data on yield and quality numerous workers (Shirlaw & Johnson, 1962; components. 40 kg/ha of nitrogen were applied to Shirlaw, 1963;Alexander et al, 1963;Owen, 1967; the seed bed. Rutger & Crowder, 1967a, 6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield and quality components in maize grown for silage

Thomson

Rogers

1968

J. Agric. Sci.

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SUMMARYResults from three trials are presented. The main variables were date of harvest, plant density and variety. Measurements were made of whole-crop yields and yields from plant fractions (leaf, stem, cob). Quality components—digestibility, acid-pepsin solubility, water-soluble carbohydrates, nitrogen and ash—were estimated for whole crop and fractions. There were successive samplings for quality components.Whole-crop yield from fractions and yield of quality components increased with density. Whole-crop yield differed significantly with harvesting date as did all fractions except cob, although the proportion of cob increased with time. The earlier harvesting date gave greater yields of quality components.There was no effect of density on the dry-matter content but later harvesting resulted in higher dry matter.The only quality component affected by density was nitrogen content but there were large effects of harvesting date on digestibility and the acid-pepsin components.Regressions were computed for quality components on dry-matter proportion of cob and the dry-matter content of the whole crop. Regressions were significant for the acid-pepsin soluble components and the water-soluble carbohydrate component on the proportion of cob. Regressions of digestibility and pepsin-soluble components (total and organic) on dry-matter content were significant.The implications of these findings to the breeding of maize varieties are discussed.

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“…According to what was stated by Colville et al (1964), Troyer and Rosenbrook (1983), Alexander et al (1963), andHoeffliger (1980), the highest population density used in this study (96,359 plants ha ^) was too high for maximum grain yield. The intermediate level (69,246 plants ha ^) should have been optimum for some genotypes and slightly too high for others, but the stress conditions which prevailed during flowering time, as indicated by the climatological data, also made the intermediate too high for maximum yields.…”

Section: Stover and Grain Yieldmentioning

confidence: 41%

“…These results are in agreement with what was reported by Tourbier and Rohweder (1983) and Bryant and Blaser (1958) concerning total dry matter yield. Other authors reported lower values of plant densities to reach maximum dry matter yield (Alexander et al, 1963;Alessi and Power, 1974).…”

Section: Stover and Grain Yieldmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Thus, little or no whole plant barrenness under high populations results if extreme levels are tested (Bauman, 1959;Josephson, 1961j Hinkle andGarret, 1961). Alexander et al (1963) obtained a 47.9% increase in dry matter yields when increasing plant population from 16,000 to 33,000 plants ha"^. Bunting and Willey (1959) observed increased lodging at higher plant populations.…”

Section: Plant Densitymentioning

confidence: 90%

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Stover forage quality and stalk strength relationships in corn, Zea mays L.

Pinheiro¹

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Composition and Digestibility of Corn Silage as Affected by Fertilizer Rate and Plant Population

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Plant density and yield of shoot dry material in maize in England

Plant density and yield of shoot dry material in maize in England

Yield and quality components in maize grown for silage

Stover forage quality and stalk strength relationships in corn, Zea mays L.

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